Sigma receptors (σRs) are structurally unique proteins that function intracellularly as chaperones. Historically, σRs have been implicated as modulators of psychomotor stimulant effects and have at times been proposed as potential avenues for modifying stimulant abuse. However, the influence of ligands for σRs on the effects of stimulants, such as cocaine or methamphetamine, in various preclini...

BACKGROUND Psychosis associated with stimulant use is an increasing problem, but there is little research evidence about the nature of the problem and its management. AIMS To critically review the literature on stimulant psychosis and sensitisation. METHOD Systematic review of studies that have investigated stimulant use and psychosis in humans. The main outcome measures were increases in p...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to increased risk for substance use disorders and nicotine dependence. AIMS To examine the effects of stimulant treatment on subsequent risk for substance use disorder and nicotine dependence in a prospective longitudinal ADHD case-control study. METHOD At baseline we assessed ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional defian...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in children, with worldwide prevalence of ADHD varying from 5.9 to 7.1 %, depending on the reporter. In case of inadequate response to stimulants, combination therapy of stimulants and an adjunctive medication may improve the control of ADHD symptoms, reduce the dose-limiting adverse events, and help con...

Obesity and overweight are major health issues. Exercise and calorie intake control are recognized as the primary mechanisms for addressing excess body weight. Naturally occurring thermogenic plant constituents offer adjunct means for assisting in weight management. The controlling mechanisms for thermogenesis offer many intervention points. Thermogenic agents can act through stimulation of the...

TOPIC: Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: asthma is one of the significant public health problems. We present a patient exposed to substances at her workplace, which eventually caused develop sensitivity several other unemployment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 67-year-old female who worked an administrative job organization developed p...

Use of illicit stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy are a significant worldwide problem. However, little is known about the effect of these drugs on movement. The aim of the current study was to investigate hand function in adults with a history of illicit stimulant use. We hypothesized that prior use of illicit stimulant drugs is associated with abnormal manipulation o...

Asthma is a common disease which affects at least 2% of the British population (Gregg, 1977). The last two decades have seen major advances in safe treatment with regular inhalation of sodium cromoglycate, selective beta2 stimulant drugs (salbutamol, terbutaline etc.) or beclomethasone. For the majority of asthmatics, these drugs can achieve excellent control and allow the patient to lead a nor...

Our recent study has shown that hyperventilation of humidified warm air (HWA) triggered cough and reflex bronchoconstriction in patients with mild asthma. We suggested that a sensitizing effect on bronchopulmonary C-fibers by increasing airway temperature was involved, but direct evidence was lacking. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that HWA enhances the pulmonary C-fiber sens...

CONTEXT There are no effective pharmacotherapies for stimulant dependence but there are many plausible targets for development of novel therapeutics. We hypothesized that dopamine-related targets are relevant for treatment of stimulant dependence, and there will likely be individual differences in response to dopaminergic challenges. OBJECTIVE To measure behavioral and brain functional marker...