Analytical methods for gate delay estimation are very useful to speedup timing analysis of digital integrated circuits. This work presents a novel approach to analytically estimate the CMOS inverter delay. The proposed method considers the influence of input slope, output load and I/O coupling capacitance, as well as relevant effects such as channel length modulation and drain induced barrier l...

Reference points and loss aversion are two essential and commonly used concepts in behavioral economics. In this paper, based on insight of Loewenstein’s (1988) reference point model, we construct a structural model for intertemporal choice with reference points and loss aversion by considering four scenarios: delay of gains, delay of losses, speed-up of gains, and speed-up of losses. We use pa...

An excess delay each component of a design can tolerate under a given timing constraint, is referred to as a delay budget. Delay budgeting has been widely exploited to improve the design quality. We present an optimal integer delay budgeting algorithm. Due to numerical instability and discreteness of libraries of components during design optimization flow, integer solution for delay budgeting i...

introduction: in this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. methods: intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. one week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and t...

In this paper, we present: 1) design of a single-rail energy-efficient 64-b Han–Carlson ALU, operating at 482 ps in 1.5 V, 0.18m bulk CMOS; 2) direct port of this ALU to 0.18m partially depleted SOI process; 3) SOI-optimal redesign of the ALU using a novel deep-stack quaternary-tree architecture; 4) margining for max-delay pushout due to reverse body bias in SOI designs; and 5) performance scal...

Neurons in the auditory midbrain are sensitive to differences in the timing of sounds at the two ears—an important sound localization cue. We used broadband noise stimuli to investigate the interaural-delay sensitivity of low-frequency neurons in two midbrain nuclei: the inferior colliculus (IC) and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL). Noise delay functions showed asymmetries not...

Neurons in the auditory midbrain are sensitive to differences in the timing of sounds at the two ears--an important sound localization cue. We used broadband noise stimuli to investigate the interaural-delay sensitivity of low-frequency neurons in two midbrain nuclei: the inferior colliculus (IC) and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Noise-delay functions showed asymmetries not predi...