PURPOSE Breathlessness is a complex set of symptoms that are comprised of both sensory and affective (emotional) dimensions. While ventilation is now understood to be a potential limiter to performance in highly-trained individuals, the contribution of breathlessness-anxiety in those nearing maximal ventilation during intense exercise has not yet been considered as a limiter to performance. M...

hemorheology specialists believe that athletes of different sport fields have different hemorheological patterns. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sport field on hemorheological variables following acute aerobic exercise. athletes were divided into three groups of 15 subjects (endurance runners: mean±sd: age 24.6±5.2 yr, bf% 6.8±1.6, bmi 21±1; football players: age 22.5±1....

BACKGROUND The reported prevalence of exercise induced asthma (EIA) in elite winter athletes ranges from 9% to 50%. Many elite winter athletes do not report symptoms of EIA. At present there is no gold standard test for EIA. OBJECTIVE To establish the efficacy of screening for EIA and examine the role of the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) challenge and laboratory based and sport sp...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the female athlete triad (disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and low bone mass) among high school athletes. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING High school. PARTICIPANTS Female athletes (n= 170) representing 8 sports were recruited from 6 high schools in southern California. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disordered eating and menst...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 6 weeks hopping exercises program on time to stabilization and perceived stability in athletes with chronic ankle instability Methods: twenty-eight basketball player with chronic ankle instability (mean ± SD age;22.67±2.88 years, mean ± SD weight; 80.47±8.48 kg, mean ± SD height; 186.82±3.09 cm) were participated in this...

This study examined the stress coping strategies of athletes with high psychological vulnerability. The participants were 487 university (mean age = 19.8 years, SD 0.88, 153 women). Data collected using Vulnerability Scale for University Athletes and General Coping Questionnaire analyzed by conducting a multivariate analysis variance. results showed significant relationships between vulnerabili...

OBJECTIVES To establish the prevalence of back pain in German elite athletes; examine the influence of age, sex, sports discipline and training volume; and compare elite athletes with a physically active control group. METHODS A standardized and validated online back pain questionnaire was sent by the German Olympic Sports Confederation to approximately 4,000 German national and international...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of coronary risk factors in Paralympic athletes and evaluate their risk of coronary events. METHOD An observational prospective cross sectional study of 79 consecutive Brazilian Paralympic athletes (mean (SD) age 27.8 (6.7) years (median 26 years)). There were 56 men and 23 women, 67 with physical and 12 with visual disabilities. The occurrence of systemi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study is to compare the radiological parameters of the spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in young elite skiers and non-athletes of a similar age. METHODS The sample group (n = 102) consisted of elite Alpine and Mogul skiers (n = 75) and a non-athletic population (n = 27), mean age for both groups was 17.7 (±1.4) years (skiers mean age 18.3 SD 1.1 and contro...

OBJECTIVES Recent studies have identified rates of injuries in young elite athletes during major athletic events. However, no such data exist on master athletes. The aim of this study was to assess incidence and types of injuries during the 2012 European Veteran Athletics Championships as a function of age, performance and athletic discipline. METHODS Report forms were used to identify injure...