in this paper, the effects of input temperature and compression ratio on the net output work and efficiency of the air standard cycles, i.e. atkinson cycle, diesel cycle and otto cycle are analyzed. we assumed that the compression and power processes are adiabatic and reversible and any convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer to cylinder wall during the heat rejection process may be ...

We use three conventional inequality indices—the Gini, the coefficient of variation of income, and the relative mean deviation of income—and the Atkinson index to examine the effect of income tax rates, the minimum wage, and all the major government welfare and transfer programs on the evolution of income inequality for rural and urban areas by state from 1981 to 1997. We find that these progra...

The transition to the New Economy accelerated in the last half of the 1990s. Using new economy index measures, one can see that rapid growth in service sector activity from 1990 to 2000, at 45 percent, overshadowed the performance of the nation’s manufacturing sector, at 22 percent (Atkinson and Court). We now live in an economy where 80 percent of all workers do not produce things. Even within...

ADDENDUM.-Since the preparation of this paper we have included in our battery of chemotherapeutic agents " epodyl " (I.C.I.) and vincaleukoblastine, on the advice of Mr. L. Walsh, of Atkinson Morley's Hospital, and Mr. K. Till, at Great Ormond Street, respectively. In the five gliomata tested (four astrocytomata and one ependymoma) vincaleukoblastine has proved very cytotoxic but occasionally v...

Many economists have argued that income is an inadequate indicator of welfare. In this paper, we conduct a multivariate analysis of the distribution of individual welfare in China at three selected time points: 1991, 1997 and 2006. Instead of using income as the only welfare indicator as in most distributional analyses, we explicitly consider the role of health in welfare distribution. We adopt...

1. Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S., (2001). Type 1 diabetes: new perspectives on disease pathogenesis and treatment. Lancet, nr 358, s. 221-229. Google Scholar

There are at least three hypotheses to account for the abundance of divaricating shrubs in New Zealand: 1) Ratites in the form of 11 species of moa, led to divarication for browse protection (Greenwood and Atkinson, 1977); 2) Divarication evolved as a microclimatic shield (McGlone and Webb, 1981); 3) Divarication evolved to aid leaves in light harvesting (Kelly, 1994). In Patagonia before human...

N.A. Hipps : M.J. Davies : J.M. Dunn : H Griffiths : C.J. Atkinson 11 12 N.A. Hipps 13 email: [email protected] 14 15 M.J. Davies 16 email: [email protected] 17 18 J.M. Dunn 19 email: [email protected] 20 21 H. Griffiths 22 email: Howard Griffiths [email protected] 23 24 C.J. Atkinson 25 email: [email protected] 26 27 28 Corresponding author ([email protected], +44 (0...

The case for an assessment of poverty considering multiple deprivations has been well argued for a long time (e.g. Sen, 2001, 2009). While there is a broad consensus about the multidimensionality of poverty, there is a debate as to whether the multiple indicators of deprivations should be brought together into a composite index or not (e.g. see Ravalion, 2010). On the other hand, it seems that ...