[1] The seasonal evolution of sea-ice extent, concentration, and drift in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region, along with regional atmospheric synoptic variability, are described for a winter period (1992) when sea-ice advance and retreat were both anomalously early. Daily time series of winds, opening and closing of the sea-ice cover, and volume fluxes in and out of the WAP region ind...

While the first law of thermodynamics is a well-established principle underlying all models Earth's climate system, applications second in science are active areas research. This review summarizes how relationships between entropy export and internal production provide insights into climate. These include heat-engine analogs for atmospheric convection, tropical cyclones, large-scale heat transp...

Nanometer-sized particles, or nanoparticles, are smaller than conventional solid-state materials and possess great potential for new, useful properties due to peculiar quantum effects (Roco, M. C., 1998). Highly functional devices synthesized from nanoparticles have been studied for use in various fields, such as semiconductors (Liqiang, J., 2003; Lu, M., 2006), photocatalysis (Liqiang, J., 200...

An analysis of ice thickness distribution is a challenge, particularly in a seasonal sea ice zone with a strongly dynamic ice motion field, such as the Gulf of St. Lawrence off Canada. We present a novel automated method for ice concentration and thickness analysis combining modeling of sea ice thermodynamics and detection of ice motion on the basis of space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)...

Aerosol acidity is one of the most important parameters influencing atmospheric chemistry and physics. Based on continuous field observations from January 2005 to May 2006 and thermodynamic modeling, we investigated the spatial and seasonal variations in PM2.5 acidity in two megacities in China, Beijing and Chongqing. Spatially, PM2.5 was generally more acidic in Chongqing than in Beijing, but ...

Thermochemical and phase diagram data for the Ga–N system were assessed by employing the CALPHADmethod. A consistent model representation of available thermodynamic properties agrees well with the critically evaluated experimental data. Thermodynamic extrapolation/interpolation of these data was applied to estimate the sublimation andmelting characteristics of theGaN compound: at atmospheric pr...

The concept whereby heat is recovered from a geothermal reservoir by replacing the native aqueous phase with essentially pure high-pressure carbon dioxide as the working fluid is referred to as an Enhanced Geothermal System with CO2 (EGSCO2). The concept has yet to be tested in the field, and the chemical consequences, both within the reservoir itself, and at its periphery, are not fully unders...