BACKGROUND Sheeppox (SPP) is one of the priorities, high-impact animal diseases in many developing countries, where live attenuated vaccines are routinely used against sheeppox virus (SPPV). In an event of an SPP outbreak, historically disease-free countries would hesitate to use of live vaccines against SPPVdue to the safety and trade reasons. Currently no killed SPPV vaccines are commercially...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of influenza vaccines may vary annually. In 2004-2005, when antigenically drifted viruses were circulating, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving healthy adults showed that inactivated vaccine appeared to be efficacious, whereas live attenuated vaccine appeared to be less so. METHODS In 2005-2006, we continued our trial, examining the absolute and relative e...

Live attenuated vaccines are of great value for preventing infectious diseases. They represent a delicate compromise between sufficient colonization-mediated adaptive immunity and minimizing the risk for infection by the vaccine strain itself. Immune defects can predispose to vaccine strain infections. It has remained unclear whether vaccine safety could be improved via mutations attenuating a ...

  The sporozoites of Theileria annulata invade bovine MHC II cells, where they differentiate into schizonts. The later can immortalize and induce fundamental changes in their host cells. Live attenuated vaccine is an important way of controlling T. annulata infection of cattle. Production is by prolonged cultivation of macroschizont-infected cells. The mechanisms underlying this transformation ...

The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) attenuated vaccine was developed by long-term passaging of a field-isolated virulent strain in cross-species hosts, followed by successive cultivation in cells in vitro To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the evolution of the EIAV attenuated vaccine, a systematic study focusing on long-terminal-repeat (LTR) variation in numerous virus strains ...

Avian Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, a disease much affecting the poultry industry. In order to study the efficacy of the recombinant subunit vaccine constructed with ptfA gene of avian P. multocida, the ptfA gene fragment amplified by PCR from avian P. multocida was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a and the recombinant plasmid pET32a-ptfA was o...

In an attempt to eliminate Japanese encephalitis virus in natural surroundings, pigs having maternal antibody were given inoculation of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine and injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant simultaneously. Titer of hemoagglutination inhibiting antibodies of pigs inoculated with live attenuated vaccine and complete adjuvant, was higher than that inoculated wit...

BACKGROUND Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) against a variety of strains of pandemic potential are being developed and tested. We describe the results of an open-label phase I trial of a live attenuated H2N2 virus vaccine. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity of a live attenuated H2N2 influenza virus vaccine. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS The A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (...