to promote their exports and get access to world market, many countries have adopted the policy of exports subsidies. subsidies are usually provided by governments or state bodies which cause adverse effects to the interests of another member of countries or disturb the process of free trade worldwide. world trade organization (wto) which is established on free and fair trade, has put limitatio...

Boston University Professor Richard Laing has described the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) as ‘the best drug pricing system in the world ... [and Australia as] the one country which seems to have got it right, that what you want to do in controlling costs is to pay what the drug is therapeutically worth’(Laing 2001). At a time when many countries are struggling with rising phar...

S ince the end of World War II the U.S. share of world income has fallen, while U.S. trade with the rest of the world has increased. Many believe that these two trends are not coincidental. U.S. firms that once dominated automobile, steel, and consumer electronics industries face stiff competition from Japan and increasing competition from South Korea and other industrializing countries. In res...

S ince the end of World War II the U.S. share of world income has fallen, while U.S. trade with the rest of the world has increased. Many believe that these two trends are not coincidental. U.S. firms that once dominated automobile, steel, and consumer electronics industries face stiff competition from Japan and increasing competition from South Korea and other industrializing countries. In res...

abstract t his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between south korea and thirteen opec member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. the estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. we confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - gdp, income (gdp per c...

The main purpose of the government joining free trade agreement (FTA) is to increase domestic production and exports. Providing cheap or even tariffs other countries, course, expect same thing when we export that country along with loss import duty revenue. This study aims examine whether variables affect data used export-import unbalanced panel from 2017 2020 which divided based on classificat...