Thyroid involvement is a common condition that can be recorded during the natural course of different systemic rheumatic diseases, including the mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) syndrome or cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. MC is triggered by hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection in the majority of cases; it represents the prototype of autoimmune-lymphoproliferative disorders complicating a significa...

I read the recent publication on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) A49G polymorphism with a great interest [1]. Aktürk et al. concluded that, “these data suggest that CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism does not contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases itself, nor does it increase the risk of autoimmune complications in patients with lymphoproliferative disease [1].” Aktürk e...

Splenic Lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder defined in the WHO classification as the leukemic form of splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Autoimmune diseases or second neoplasms in patients affected by B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders are well known conditions after fludarabine containing regimens (above all in the case of Chronic Ly...

Myasthenia gravis (MG), a neuromuscular junction autoimmune disease, sometimes complicates second malignancies; however, T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders have rarely been reported. A 55-year-old man, who received oral tacrolimus and prednisolone for MG for 16 years after thymectomy, presented with left abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. A lymph node biopsy revealed periphera...

Background SURPASS, a phase IIIb randomised controlled study in patients (pts) with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA), found low spinal progression over 2 years no significant difference between the secukinumab (SEC) and adalimumab biosimilar (SDZ-ADL) arms. [1,2] Baseline (BSL) damage (presence of syndesmophytes) elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been identified as pre...

Variable Common Immune Deficiency (VCID) is a very heterogeneous condition both clinically and immunologically. It group of molecular abnormalities responsible for defect in antibody production leading to hypogammaglobulinemia often associated with autoimmune and/or lymphoproliferative manifestations. Late Onset Combined (LOCID) type defined by (IgG IgA ± IgM type), profound CD4 T-cell lymphope...