The current review critically summarizes recent developments in transformations of syngas to higher alcohols. Although alcohols have found applications as fuel additives, detergents and plastics for a long while, transformation jet has attained interest due an urgent need develop fuels from sustainable sources. Fermentation lignocellulosic-based sugars ethanol technology does not compete with t...

The continued increasing air traffic demand and the corresponding fuel consumption urge the innovations of technologies and operating modes in commercial aviation community. Formation flight, due to its potential for reducing fuel use, are widely recognized as one of the most effective ways to improve aviation fuel saving. This study addresses the commercial formation coalition problem under in...

The challenge of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C requires all industries implement new technologies and change practices immediately. aviation industry contributes 2% human-induced CO2 emissions 12% transport emissions. Decarbonising the industry, which relies heavily on high-density liquid fuels, has been difficult achieve. problems are compounded by continued reliance so-called sustain...

Seventy-two samples from jet aircraft fuel systems were examined for microbial contamination. Ten contaminated samples yielded 43 microorganisms which were classified into nine genera of bacteria and three genera of fungi. The predominant types, comprising about 37% of the isolated cultures, were identified as Bacillus spp. The remaining cultures were distributed among 11 genera, each of which ...

The taxi-out phase of a flight accounts for a significant fraction of total fuel burn for aircraft. In addition, surface fuel burn is also a major contributor to CO2 emissions in the vicinity of airports. It is therefore desirable to have accurate estimates of fuel consumption on the ground. This paper builds a model for estimation of on-ground fuel consumption of an aircraft, given its surface...