From the Department of Neurosurgery (Bajunaid), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Department of Neurosurgery (Ajlan), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, the Division of Neurosurgery (Bajunaid), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, and the Division of Neurosurgery (Ajlan), Faculty of...

Orderly topographic maps in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) serve as an anchor for our understanding of somatosensory cortical organization. However, this view is mostly based on data collected in the anesthetized animal. Less is known about these topographies in the awake primate. Even less is known about the relative activations of different subdivisions of SI (areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2). ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, ...

BACKGROUND This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between cerebral oxygen reserve and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Participants (72 women and 40 men) underwent standard polysomnography, including regional measures of percent oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO(2)) determined by cerebral oximetry. Two variables were used to calculate ...

The hippocampus is critical for spatial learning and memory. Hippocampal neurons in awake animals exhibit place field activity that encodes current location, as well as sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity during which representations based on past experiences are often replayed. The relationship between these patterns of activity and the memory functions of the hippocampus is poorly understood. We...

Awake intubation has been a staple of difficult airway management since the first American Society Anesthesiologists guidelines were developed in 1980s. In current anesthetic practice, use second generation supraglottic airways and video laryngoscopy are ubiquitous. The goal this review is to examine impact that these advances have had on awake need maintain skill. Despite advancements, evidenc...

This study investigated the functional MRI responses to graded hypoxia in awake/restrained and anesthetized animals by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation (BOLD) changes and estimating changes in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). Hypoxia in isoflurane anesthetized rats reduced blood pressure but did not change heart rate and respiration rate. In contrast, hypoxia ...

Responses of mitral cells represent the results of the first stage of odor processing in the olfactory bulb. Most of our knowledge about mitral cell activity has been obtained from recordings in anesthetized animals. We compared odor-elicited changes in firing rate of mitral cells in awake behaving mice and in anesthetized mice. We show that odor-elicited changes in mitral cell firing rate were...