The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of dust-enshrouded galaxies with powerful restframe farinfrared(IR) emission have been constrained by a range of ground-based and space-borne surveys. The IRAS catalog provides a reasonably complete picture of the dust emission from nearby galaxies (redshift z ≃ 0.1) that are typically less luminous than about 10L⊙. However, at higher redshifts, the obse...

Epistasis for fitness means that the selective effect of a mutation is conditional on the genetic background in which it appears. Although epistasis is widely observed in nature, our understanding of its consequences for evolution by natural selection remains incomplete. In particular, much attention focuses only on its influence on the instantaneous rate of changes in frequency of selected all...

Applied to skin color, the sexual selection hypothesis proposes that male preference for light-skinned females explains the presence of light skin in areas of low solar radiation. According to this proposal, in areas of high solar radiation, natural selection for dark skin overrides the universal preference of males for light females. But in areas in which natural selection ceases to act, sexua...

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic background of longitudinal residual feed intake (RFI) and BW gain in farmed mink using random regression methods considering heterogeneous residual variances. The individual BW was measured every 3 weeks from 63 to 210 days of age for 2139 male+female pairs of juvenile mink during the growing-furring period. Cumulative feed intake was calculate...

Elucidating the relationship between genetic and cultural evolution is important in understanding speciation, as learned premating barriers might be involved in maintaining species differences. Here, we test this relationship by examining a widely recognized premating barrier, bird song, in a hybrid zone between black-throated green (Setophaga virens) and Townsend's warblers (S. townsendi). We ...

The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of dust-enshrouded galaxies with powerful restframe farinfrared(IR) emission have been constrained by a range of ground-based and space-borne surveys. The IRAS catalog provides a reasonably complete picture of the dust emission from nearby galaxies (redshift z ≃ 0.1) that are typically less luminous than about 10 L⊙. However, at higher redshifts, the obs...

To examine the role of natural selection in fecundity in a variety of Caenorhabditis elegans genetic backgrounds, we used an experimental evolution protocol to evolve 14 distinct genetic strains over 15-20 generations. We were able to generate 790 distinct genealogies, which provided information on both the effects of natural selection and the evolvability of each strain. Among these genotypes ...

Understanding adaptation by natural selection requires understanding the genetic factors that determine which beneficial mutations are available for selection. Here, using experimental evolution of rifampicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we show that different genotypes vary in their capacity for adaptation to the cost of antibiotic resistance. We then use sequence data to show that the be...

In this paper, a new method for motion target detection by background subtraction and update is proposed in order to modify the deficiencies of the traditional detection methods. In this scheme, the dynamic threshold can make up for the shortcomings of misjudge by fixed threshold background subtraction so as to extract most motion pixels. The local background updating strategy based on double t...

We have tested the hypothesis that genetic differences among conspecific populations may result in diverse responses to selection, using natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Selection for ethanol tolerance in a tube measuring knockdown resistance was imposed on five West Coast populations. In 24 generations the selected lines increased their mean knockdown times, on average, by a fac...