the caspian sea region, because of the proximity of two permanent powers - russia and iran- and the emergence of newly independent republics, is one of the most dynamic places in the world. in addition, the continuity of interests of other global actors, including the united states and europe, with the coastal countries has added to the complexity and dynamics. in this regard, the region energy...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Current account Trade balance vis-à-vis the euro area Trade balance vis-à-vis the rest of the world European monetary union Culture Institutions Many studies have explored the determinants of current account balances in Europe. However, only in a few studies has trade balance been decomposed into intra balance, trade balance vis-à-vis the euro area, and extra bal...

The pursuit of sustainable development requires balancing the objectives of FDI, Trade, economic growth and environmental protection. Achieving a balance between these often-conflicting priorities is difficult enough at the national level, where competing interests are at least grounded in a common environmental, social and economic context. At the international level, where different countries...