1 review of the current status of ballast water treatment technologies since 1996 when the National Research Council's Stemming the Tide was published, and major impediments to the implementation of these technologies on a large scale, are presented. In addition, factors that affect implementation of the technologies on ocean-going vessels transiting in the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lak...

The spread of nonindigenous species (NIS) in aquatic ecosystems provides an opportunity to develop new perspectives on the invasion process. In this paper we review existing invasion models, most of which were developed to describe invasions of terrestrial habitats, and propose an alternative that explores long-distance invasions mediated by discharge of contaminated ballast water by ships inbo...

Natural or anthropogenic movement of sediments may be an important vector for the dispersal of invertebrate resting stages between water bodies. Here we record the presence of invertebrate diapausing eggs in residual sediments from transoceanic vessels and explore whether these may pose an invasion risk. Viability of diapausing eggs was explored under light and dark conditions using sediment co...

Worldwide transfer and introduction of non-indigenous species in ballast water causes significant environmental and economic impact. One way to address this problem is to remove or inactivate organisms that are found in ballast water. In this study, 3 experiments were conducted in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, using a prototype ozone treatment system installed on a commercial oil tanker, the S/...

This paper demonstrates a fully-silicided ESD protection device design in sub-100nm integrated circuits. No drain ballast resistor required is the most significant feature that makes the new device differ form the conventional ones. Accordingly, a simplified manufacturing process and a reduced device area could be obtained simultaneously. It is believed that the achievements are caused from the...

Ballast water is a dominant mechanism for the interoceanic and transoceanic dispersal of aquatic non-native species (ANS), but few studies have addressed ANS transfers via smaller scale vessel movements. We analyzed ballast water reporting records and ANS occurrence data from four US West Coast port systems to examine patterns of intra-coastal ballast water transfer, and assess how ballast tran...

—Introductions of non-indigenous species in ballast water are one of the greatest threats to freshwater and marine ecosystems worldwide. New approaches to reducing the release of organisms from ballast water are under consideration nationally and internationally. Unfortunately, the development of scientifically defensible policy for controlling introductions from ballast water has been retarded...

This paper presents electronic ballast with dimming capability supplying a 32 W fluorescent lamp. The electronic ballast is a self-oscillating driving circuit with an additional circuit responsible for dimming the fluorescent lamp based on a signal from a lighting dependent resistor. This luminous sensor measures the luminous flux level and set the lamp power by the voltage gain variation of th...

The results of the ship ballast water treatment systems neutralization need to be verified in a transparent and trustful way before the ship enters a port. Some researches and results, explained in this article, confirm a need for a good verification. If there is no good methodology agreed, then it would not be accepted the solution that the BWMC (Ballast Water Management Convention) 2004 did p...

Transoceanic shipping is the dominant vector for exotic species introductions in the North American Great Lakes. Over 60% of the invaders discovered since the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 are attributable to ballast water release (Ricciardi, 2006). Ocean-going vessels have been required since 1993 to exchange their filled ballast tanks at sea to reduce the abundance and viability ...