Dependency grammar is usually interpreted as equivalent to a strict form of X–bar theory that forbids the stacking of nodes of the same bar level (e.g., N immediately dominating N with the same head). But adequate accounts of one–anaphora and of the semantics of multiple modifiers require such stacking and accordingly argue against dependency grammar. Dependency grammar can be salvaged by reint...

We extend the notion of $P_4$-sparse graphs previously introduced by {\scshape Ho\`ang} by considering $\mathcal{F}$-sparse graphs were $\mathcal{F}$ denotes a finite set of graphs on $p$ vertices. Thus we obtain some results on $(P_5,\bar{P_5})$-sparse graphs already known on $(P_5,\bar{P_5})$-free graphs. Finally we completely describe the structure of $(P_5,\bar{P_5}, bull$)-sparse graphs, i...

The availability of new accurate radio flux densities of Jupiter in and around the λ1.3 cm ammonia absorption band, one from groundbased radio data and five from the WMAP satellite, permits reexamination of the structure of the Jovian upper troposphere. These flux densities, with accuracies of 1–3%, indicate that the Jovian atmospheric ammonia is globally subsaturated within and above the ammon...

X-bar theory, introduced in Chomsky 1970, constituted a major step toward explanatory adequacy, dramatically limiting the range of possible phrase structure rules. As with most explanatory advances, the resulting theory encounters serious descriptive problems. In the present instance, the major virtue of X-bar theory-the generalization of the phrase structure schema-immediately encountered empi...

The cleaved surfaces of untwinned, single-crystal YBa2Cu3O6.9 have been probed with synchrotron-radiation photoemission, utilizing both high energy and angular resolution. Acute spectral structure was observed, both at the Fermi energy and at higher binding energies, particularly near the high-symmetry points of the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, Γ-bar, X-bar, Y-bar, and S-bar. Many band cross...

Angular momentum redistribution within barred galaxies drives their dynamical evolution. Angular momentum is emitted mainly by near-resonant material in the bar region and absorbed by resonant material mainly in the outer disc and in the halo. This exchange determines the strength of the bar, the decrease of its pattern speed, as well as its morphology. If the galaxy has also a gaseous componen...

Red clump giant stars can be used as distance indicators to trace the mass distribution of the Galactic bar. We use RCG stars from 44 bulge fields from the OGLE-II microlensing collaboration database to constrain analytic tri-axial models for the Galactic bar. We find the bar major axis is oriented at an angle of 24◦ – 27◦ to the Sun-Galactic centre line-of-sight. The ratio of semi-major and se...

Given a set S of n points on d, we show, for fixed d, how to construct in Ž . Ž . O n log n time a data structure we call the balanced aspect ratio BAR tree. A Ž . BAR tree is a binary space partition tree on S that has O log n depth in which Ž . every region is convex and ‘‘fat’’ that is, has a bounded aspect ratio . While previous hierarchical data structures such as k-d trees, quadtrees, oct...

Given a set S of n points in lRd, we show, for fixed d, how to construct in O(n log n) time a data structure we call the Balanced Aspect Ratio (BAR) tree. A BAR tree is a binary space partition tree on S that has O(logn) depth and in which every region is convex and “fat” (that is, has a bounded aspect ratio). While previous hierarchical data structures, such as k-d trees, quadtrees, octrees, f...

Evidence of a misaligned secondary bar, within the primary bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), is presented. The density distribution and the dereddened mean magnitudes ( ) of the red clump stars in the bar I0 obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment II data are used for this study. The bar region that predominantly showed a wavy pattern in the line of sight in a recent p...