My answer to all these questions is: Use the concentration of titratable hydrogen ion in the extended extracellular fluid (at the actual oxygen saturation), ctHEcf, as the relevant measure of an overall metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, which may be due to several cooperative or counteractive pathophysiological processes. ctHEcf and SBE are numerically equal, with opposite sign, but it is the hy...

During the induction period, especially in the case of cyanotic patients, straining, crying, and fighting should be avoided because they raise the intraalveolar pressure, leading to reduced pulmonary perfusion, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and hence increased right-to-left shunting with worsening of systemic hypoxia. They also increase intra-thoracic pressure and impede the venous r...

The study of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base (PKB) to discover how teachers think and work is attracting increasing attention in ELT. Against this background, the present study aimed at probing the likely variations in EFL teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base as a function of their teaching license status. To this aim, six teachers (two standard-licensed, two alternatively-licensed, and tw...

How are the Nordic welfare states doing? Will they be able to uphold collective functions inscribed in their societal contracts? These concerns that have long figured public discussions all countries. While puzzle of affording and producing good services has taken center stage as biggest political question, social scholars on task evaluating systemic core values principles threatened with great...