Introduction Accurate estimation of the absorbed dose in radiosensitive organs, located away from the target volume during radiotherapy, is one of the main reasons for the development of reference phantoms. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference phantoms can provide a more realistic view of the human anatomy in comparison with the previously used mathematical p...

A fundamental question when studying underlying friendship and interaction graphs of Online Social Networks (OSNs) is how closely these graphs mirror real-world associations. The presence of phantom or fake profiles dilutes the integrity of this correspondence. This paper looks at the presence of phantom profiles in the context of social gaming, i.e., profiles created with the purpose of gainin...

This highly original paper relates the $e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}x\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t$ $r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}z\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0...

Image denoising has a profound impact on the precision of estimated parameters in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). This work first proposes an approach to constructing a DKI phantom that can be used to evaluate the performance of denoising algorithms in regard to their abilities of improving the reliability of DKI parameter estimation. The phantom was constructed from a real DKI dataset of a h...

background:  this study presents patient specific and organ dose estimation in computed tomography (ct) imaging of thorax directly from patient ct image using monte carlo simulation.  patient's ct image is considered as the patient specific phantom and the best representative of patient physical index in order to calculate specific organ dose. materials and methods: egsnrc /beamnrc monte c...

A population of gliding $C\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s$ $r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phanto...

Background: Some tissues in human body are radiobiologically different from water and these inhomogeneity must be considered in dose calculation in order to achieve an accurate dose delivery. Dose verification in complex radiation therapy techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) calls for volumetric, tissue equivalent and energy independent dosimeter. The purpose of this...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to design an anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom that can be used for MRI and other electromagnetic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS An eight compartment, physical anthropomorphic head phantom was developed from a 3T MRI dataset of a healthy male. The designed phantom was successfully built and preliminarily evaluated through an application tha...

A noise reduction scheme on digitized mammographic phantom images is presented. This algorithm is based on a direct contrast modification method using an optimal function which is obtained by means of the mean squared error as a criterion. Computer simulated images containing objects similar to those observed in the phantom are built to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Noise reduction...

In this paper, we investigated the anisotropic thermal transport in two-dimensional (2D) perovskite (phenethylammonium lead iodide) nanolayers through a measurement technique called cross-sectional scanning microscopy. method, target layer on substrate was oblique polished with an Ar ion beam to create low-angle wedge nanoscale roughness that is followed by high-vacuum microscopy obtain conduct...