The current work provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in polymer and metal additive manufacturing and provides a progress report on the science and technology behind gradient metal alloys produced through laser deposition. The research discusses a road map for creating gradient metals using additive manufacturing, demonstrates basic science results obtainable through the methodology, sh...

opening the market early for consumers and for funding the expensive lawsuit. Yet Cobalt, which had agreed to delay consumer access to the generic brand by abandoning its effort to knock out what proved to be a patent that never should have been issued in the first place, was able to “double-dip.” Cobalt was able to keep the money it was paid by the brand-name drug company to abandon the patent...

This paper provides an overview of the history of innovation in the mining exploration industry since its rise at the end of the nineteenth century. Innovation in exploration is divided into the following: (1) the target model itself, including the terrain and type of deposit; (2) the methods or technologies for discovering and defining the deposits; and (3) the organization of exploration, inc...

today, the real customer oriented must be the prevailing aspect of organizational culture and its requisite would be the real transition in the culture of organizations and the basic attention to customer as the most eminent value and the most important organizational commitment. therefore, the current research has been occomplished in order to explain all relative dimensions and elements of th...

Trace metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were assessed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) in 32 commonly consumed cocoa products (chocolates) prepared by different national and multinational companies. Microelement contents studied varied significantly in all type of chocolates (P < 0.01). The concentrations of Pb and Cd in cocoa powder were found to be highest, 1400 and 190 μg...

Industrial biomining has been extensively used for many years to recover valuable metals such as copper, gold, uranium and others. Furthermore, microorganisms involved in these processes can also be used to bioremediate places contaminated with acid and metals. These uses are possible due to the great metal resistance that these extreme acidophilic microorganisms possess. In this review, the mo...