The objective of this paper is simultaneous of aerobic and anaerobic process for phosphorus removal from a dairy wastewater. The system consists of a granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) working under alternating aerobic/anaerobic conditions. In order to analyze the process, four significant variables viz. MLSS, COD/N ratio, aeration time and cycling time and four dependent parameters as the...

Industrial fermentation systems are often operated in fed-batch mode [1], however this mode of operation can make planning and scheduling challenging due to batch-to-batch variation. There is natural variability in the length of the batch phase due to biological variations, in addition to batch-to-batch variations in initial process conditions from raw materials [2]. These affect the reproducib...

BACKGROUND For a commercially feasible microalgal triglyceride (TAG) production, high TAG productivities are required. The operational strategy affects TAG productivity but a systematic comparison between different strategies is lacking. For this, physiological responses of Nannochloropsis sp. to nitrogen (N) starvation and N-rich medium replenishment were studied in lab-scale batch and repeate...

To increase cell concentration and the production of alkaline protease, fed-batch cultures with standard medium (1x) or concentrated medium (2x or 5x) as feed were performed. In a fed-batch culture with standard medium as feed, the biomass concentration reached 9.6 g L–1 and the protease activity obtained was 8500 U mL–1 compared to 3000 U mL–1 obtained by growing Teredinobacter turnirae cells ...

The heavy metal concentration of sewage sludge increased during composting for cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc and decreased for copper and nickel. Cadmium and lead were the most variable of the metals, copper and zinc the least. Variability within a batch was small (variation of 4-12%). Variability attributable to batch-to-batch differences was generally larger (variation of 4-37%). The varia...

Business process automation improves organizations’ efficiency to perform work. Single executions of process models, called process instances, are usually executed independently in business process management systems (BPMS). In practice, we can observe examples in which a synchronized execution of groups of instances for certain activities, called batch processing, can lead to an improved perfo...

Reinforcement Learning (RL) controllers have generated excitement within the control community. The primary advantage of RL relative to existing methods is their ability optimize uncertain systems independently explicit assumption process uncertainty. Recent focus on engineering applications has been directed towards development safe controllers. Previous works proposed approaches account for c...

A batch machine is a machine that can process a number of jobs simultaneously as a batch, and the processing time of a batch is equal to the longest processing time of the jobs assigned to it. In this paper we present a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for scheduling a batch machine to minimize the total completion time with job release dates. Also, we present a fully polynomial time...

Dynamics are inherent characteristics of batch processes, and they may exist not only within a particular batch, but also from batch to batch. To model and monitor such two-dimensional (2D) batch dynamics, two-dimensional dynamic principal component analysis (2D-DPCA) has been developed. However, the original 2D-DPCA calculates the monitoring control limits based on the multivariate Gaussian di...