The removal of biological nitrogen from a synthetic wastewater with different ammonium nitrogen concentrations (50 and 100 mgN-NH4/L) by a nitrification and denitrification process using a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with liquid-phase circulation was studied. The system with a total working volume of 4.6 L (3.7 L in the reactor and 0.9 L in the reservoir) treated 2.1 L of synthetic ...

This paper proposes an interval observer for continuous or fed-batch chemical reactors with uncertainties related to both the heat exchange coefficient and the kinetics. The interval observer provides an upper and a lower bound of the state given bounds for the uncertain parameters. The underand over-estimators are state observers for the non-linear reactor model with two positive tuning parame...

A sequential trajectory linearized adaptive model based predictive controller is designed using the DMC algorithm to control the temperature of a batch MMA polymerization process. Using the mechanistic model of the polymerization, a parametric transfer function is derived to relate the reactor temperature to the power of the heaters. Then, a multiple model predictive control approach is taken i...

Assignments based on dynamic simulation of a batch reactor and a semi-batch reactor in which exothermic reactions are conducted, are used to teach students the various aspects of process safety. The students can observe temperature runaway taking place because of incidents, such as overcharging, cooling water failure, pipe blockage and excessive initial heating. They can derive various strategi...

This paper presents a new measurement-based optimization framework for batch processes whereby optimal operation can be achieved via the tracking of active constraints. It is shown that, under mild assumptions and to a first-order approximation, tracking the necessary conditions of optimality is equivalent to tracking active constraints (both during the batch and at the end of the batch). Thus ...

The focus of this work is to revise for semi-batch and continuous operations, the model equations of a seeded batch cooling crystallisation of α-lactose monohydrate. A case study of evaporative semi-batch operation is also included for reference as models of cooling and heating are not much different. In order to achieve the highest yield, dynamic optimisations must be performed on these models...

in this research degradation and mineralization of ortho-toluidine (ot) in the wastewater of petrochemical industries was investigated by uv/tio 2 process in a batch recirculating photo reactor. the influence of different variables such as initial ph, amount of tio 2 and initial concentration of ot on the reaction rate was investigated. in optimum conditions (1.75 g/l of catalyst, ph at 7 and i...

A sequential linearized model based predictive controller is designed using the DMC algorithm to control the temperature of a batch MMA polymerization process. Using the mechanistic model of the polymerization, a parametric transfer function is derived to relate the reactor temperature to the power of the heaters. Then, a multiple model predictive control approach is taken in to track a desired...

This paper deals with the development of a batch-reactor model with a theoretical and a locally affine fuzzy model. The batch reactor is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drugs, where a rapid and precise temperature control is necessary. The model has to be built to include all the main features necessary for the purposes of modelling. The development of the model for th...

A predictive functional control (PFC) technique is applied to the temperature control of a pilot-plant batch reactor equipped with a mono-fluid heating/cooling system. A cascade control structure has been implemented according to the process sub-units reactor and heating/cooling system. H p c m d