The formulation of strong and weak laws of large numbers for fuzzy random variables based on variance is given. The concept of the variance of fuzzy random variables, introduced by K1 orner (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 92 (1997) 83) and by Feng (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 120 (2001) 487) demonstrates its e2ciency. c © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

In this note, we show by counterexamples that some results of Qiu and colleagues [On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part I. The sequence and series of fuzzy complex numbers and their convergences, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 115 (2000) 445–450; On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part II. The continuity and differentiation of fuzzy complex functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 120 (2001) 5...

The aim of this paper is to point out and correct some errors of two theorems for IFSs in Atanassov (Two theorems for intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2000) and bring forward a new theorem for IFSs. In the end, some elementary, but non-standard equalities between IFSs were formulated.

Using mid-infrared and radio criteria, we select a sample of candidate z ∼ 2 obscured quasars. Optical spectroscopy confirms about half of these as type-2 quasars, and modelling the population suggests 50-80% of the quasars are obscured. We find some flat radio spectrum type-2 quasars, and tentative evidence for obscuration unrelated to the torus. Using a similar sample, we also find evidence f...

According to the common underlying mathematical model for Independent Component Analysis (ICA), the fulfillment of a BSS for either a linear and scalar type of composition, a convolutive and linear type or a nonlinear type has different conditions. So far, several approaches have been developed in the last decades for stationary and non-stationary data. To identify key research priorities, the ...

Clinical implications of the high rates of creativity within bipolar disorder (BD) have not been explored. The aim of this review is to outline these implications by (i) reviewing evidence for the link between creativity and BD, (ii) developing a provisional model of mechanisms underpinning the creativity-BD link, (iii) describing unique challenges faced by creative-BD populations, and (iv) sys...

Behqet's disease (BD) is best considered as a systemic vasculitis in which recurrent orogenital ulceration is a prominent feature. In 1937 Hulusi Behqet described the syndrome that bears his name' but the term 'BehNet's disease' is now used in preference to 'Behqet's syndrome'. Behqet, himself, recognized the problems related to its diagnosis for which there remains no diagnostic test. BD is ra...

We use Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation of a coarse-grained (CG) bead-spring model of DNA to study the nonequilibrim dynamics of a single DNA molecule confined inside a rectangular nanochannel being squeezed with a sliding gasket piston or “nanodozer”. From our simulations we extract the nonequilibrim density profile c(x, t) of the squeezed molecule along the channel axis (x-coordinate) and th...

The canonical pair of a proof system P is the disjoint NP sets where one set all satisfiable CNF formulas and other that have P-proofs bounded by some polynomial. We give combinatorial characterization pairs depth d Frege systems. Our based on certain games, introduced in this article, are parametrized number k, also called depth. show polynomially equivalent to (Ad+2,Bd+2) Ad+2 (respectively, ...

Starting with a finite point set X?Rd, the peeling process repeatedly removes of vertices convex hull current set. The number steps required to completely remove X is called layer X, denoted by L(X). In article, we study evenly distributed families sets contained in Bd, d-dimensional unit ball. These consist points Bd whose minimal distance asymptotically as large possible. We show that for bel...