The Bel tensor is divergence-free in some important cases leading to the existence of conserved currents associated to Killing vectors analogously to those of the energy-momentum tensor. When the divergence of the Bel tensor does not vanish one can study the interchange of some quantities between the gravitational and other fields obtaining mixed total conserved currents. Nevertheless, the Bel ...

The human foamy or spumaretrovirus (HSRV) is a complex retrovirus that encodes the three retroviral genes gag, pol, and env and, in addition, at least three bel genes. The HSRV Bel-1 protein was identified as a transcriptional trans-activator. HSRV transcription starts in the 5' long terminal repeat at a defined guanine residue. We report here that a second efficiently utilized start site of tr...

An energy estimate is proved for the Bel–Robinson energy along a constant mean curvature foliation in a spatially compact vacuum spacetime, assuming an L∞ bound on the second fundamental form, and a bound on a spacetime version of Bel–Robinson energy.

The proliferation of retrotransposons within a genome can contribute to increased size and affect the function of eukaryotic genes. BEL/Pao-like long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were annotated from the highly adaptable insect species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, the Western corn rootworm, using survey sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) inserts and contigs derived...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising antitumor treatment. Phthalocyanine-mediated PDT has shown antitumor activity in some tumor cells, but the effect of new hydrophilic/lipophilic tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn)-mediated PDT (TαPcZn-PDT) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In the present study...

We describe a system that automatically extracts biological events from biomedical journal articles, and translates those events into Biological Expression Language (BEL) statements. The system incorporates existing text mining components for coreference resolution, biological event extraction and a previously formally untested strategy for BEL statement generation. Although addressing the BEL ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is increasingly used in the clinic because it promotes the synthesis of proteins. However, rhGH is able to increase malignant transformation and tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rhGH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with positive and negative growth hormone receptors (GHR) in order to gui...

Bayesian ontology languages are a family of probabilistic ontology languages that allow to encode probabilistic information over the axioms of an ontology with the help of a Bayesian network. The Bayesian ontology language BEL is an extension of the lightweight Description Logic (DL) EL within the above-mentioned framework. We present the system BORN that implements the probabilistic subsumptio...

The mechanisms by which Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) mediates cell growth in p53-positive LNCaP and p53-negative PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines were studied. Exposure of cells to the iPLA(2) selective inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL; 0-20 microM) induced concentration- and time-dependent decreases in cell growth based on 3-(4, dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium br...

Ongoing studies suggest an important role for iPLA2β in a multitude of biological processes and it has been implicated in neurodegenerative, skeletal and vascular smooth muscle disorders, bone formation, and cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, identifying an iPLA2βinhibitor that can be reliably and safely used in vivo is warranted. Currently, the mechanism-based inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) is the ...