In this paper, an improved bacterial foraging algorithm (IBFA) is employed to solve economicemission dispatch (EED) problem. Regarding to more interest to renewable energy sources especially wind energy in recent years, it is necessary to use of incorporate wind power plants into EED problem. To consider realistic conditions, EED is included bi-objective of cost and NOx emission. The problems e...

Rat ovarian granulosa cells were labelled with [35S]sulphate for 0.5-20 h and chased in the presence or absence of 1-2 micrograms/ml of brefeldin A (BFA) for up to 21 h. Heparan [35S]sulphate (HS) proteoglycans from the culture medium, plasma membrane and intracellular fractions were then analysed by gel chromatography. In the absence of BFA, about 85% of the plasma membrane-associated HS prote...

The sphingomyelin (SM) cycle is an emerging pathway of signal transduction that plays a role in the control of cell growth, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. During earlier investigation of SM pools hydrolyzed in the SM cycle, we examined the effects of the fungal macrolide brefeldin A (BFA) on cellular levels of SM in HL-60 leukemia cells. We found that BFA induced up to 20-25% hydrolysis o...

The 100-110-kD proteins (alpha-, beta-, beta'-, and gamma-adaptins) of clathrin-coated vesicles and the 110-kD protein (beta-COP) of the nonclathrin-coated vesicles that mediate constitutive transport through the Golgi have homologous protein sequences. To determine whether homologous processes are involved in assembly of the two types of coated vesicles, the membrane binding properties of thei...

Brefeldin A (BFA) has been reported to block protein transport from the ER and cause disassembly of the Golgi complex. We have examined the effects of BFA on the transport and processing of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, a model integral membrane protein. Delivery of G protein to the cell surface was reversibly blocked by 6 micrograms/ml BFA. Pulse-label experiments revealed that in ...

Traditional Deep Neural Network (DNN) security is mostly related to the well-known adversarial input example attack. Recently, another dimension of attack, namely, attack on DNN weight parameters, has been shown be very powerful. As a representative one, Bit-Flip-based Attack (BFA) injects an extremely small amount faults into parameters hijack executing function. Prior works BFA focus <italic ...

The objective of this work was to assess the use biomass fly ash (BFA) as cement replacement material or an alkalinity source in high volume mortar and concrete. Mortar formulations were prepared with different types replacement: from thermal power plants, BFA, a blend two pozzolans, small amounts BFA or/and hydrated lime (HL). tested both fresh hardened state. by ashes led decrease mechanical ...

We have studied the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on the tubular endosomes in AtT20 and HeLa cells (Tooze, J., and M. Hollinshead. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:635-653) by electron microscopy of cells labeled with three endocytic tracers, HRP, BSA-gold, and transferrin conjugated to HRP, and by immunofluorescence microscopy. For the latter we used antibodies specific for transferrin receptor, and, in...

In mammals, ontogenesis starts from a fusion of spermatozoon and oocyte, which are produced by reductive nuclear division of a diploid germ cell in a specialised but complex biological process known as meiosis. However, little is known about the mechanism of meiotic initiation in germ cells, although many factors may be responsible for meiosis both in male and female gonads. In this study, 11.5...

Transcription factor activities (TFAs), rather than expression levels, control gene expres- sion and provide valuable information for investigating TF-gene regulations. The underly- ing bimodal or switch-like patterns of TFAs may play important roles in gene regulation. Network Component Analysis (NCA) is a popular method to deduce TFAs and TF-gene control strengths from microarray data. Howeve...