We demonstrate that the bidirectionality of deep grammars, allowing them to generate as well as parse sentences, can be used to automatically and effectively identify errors in the grammars. The system is tested on two implemented HPSG grammars: Jacy for Japanese, and the ERG for English. Using this system, we were able to increase generation coverage in Jacy by 18% (45% to 63%) with only four ...

The design of robust new interfaces that process conversational speech is a challenging research direction largely because users’ spoken language is so variable, which is especially true of children. The present research explored whether children’s response latencies before initiating a conversational turn converge with those heard in the text-to-speech (TTS) of a computer partner. A study was ...

The dogleg severity is one of the most important parameters in directional drilling. Improvement of these indicators actually means choosing the best conditions for the directional drilling in order to reach the target point. Selection of high levels of the dogleg severity actually means minimizing well trajectory, but on the other hand, increases fatigue in drill string, increases torque and d...

We present a method to start light paths on an emitting environment map in the context of Monte Carlo global illumination with image-based lighting or physical sky models. With this technique we can efficiently render unbiased caustics from these kinds of lights, for example using bi-directional path tracing. Additionally it is now possible to use algorithms like multiple importance sampling, p...

A technique is described for multiple-path propagation time measurements in the surface layer of the atmosphere. This is based on solving simple bi-directional ray tracing equations on successively higher penetrating paths using propagation times for a short acoustic pulse. The scattering process from turbulence is shown to be capable of providing signals from which phase comparisons can be mad...

During an earthquake, structures are subjected to both horizontal and vertical shaking. Most structures are rather insensitive to variations in the vertical acceleration history and primary considerations are given to the impact of the horizontal shaking on the behavior of structures. In the laboratory, however, most component tests are carried out under uni-directional horizontal loading to si...

In this paper, the parameterization of bi-directional reflectances of vegetation is made possible by using multi-temporal SPOT satellite images. Five SPOT images scanned within two weeks are used. The woods near the Taichung port in central Taiwan are selected. An atmospheric correction model is applied to remove the atmospheric effect of the satellite images. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is ret...

The Shortest Path Problem with Resource Constraints is a common subproblem in many Branch-Cut-and-Price algorithms (BCP), e.g., routing and scheduling problems. This paper presents a general label-setting algorithm for solving various shortest path problems. An integration of the ‘Shortest Path Problem with Resource Constraints and k-cycle elimination’ with the ‘Partial Elementarity’ is introdu...