The lateralization of functions to individual hemispheres of the mammalian brain remains, with the exception of the human brain, unresolved. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability to discriminate between falling and rising frequency-modulated (FM) stimuli in rats with unilateral or bilateral lesions of the auditory cortex (AC). Using an avoidance conditioning procedure, thirsty rat...

outbreak of 2009 european sovereign debt (leverage) crisis has been one of the most crucial economic events of recent years. accordingly, researchers devoted a great deal of efforts to elucidate origins and consequences of this crisis, particularly focusing on its potential effect on international trade flows. yet in the literature, there have been rare studies on exploring the effects of sover...

The effect of cholinergic basal forebrain lesions on immunoreactivity to somatostatin (SOM-i) and neuropeptide-Y (NPY-i) was investigated in the rat parietal cortex, 16-18 months after multiple bilateral ibotenic acid injections in the nucleus basalis complex. As a result of the lesion, the cholinergic fiber density in the cortex decreased by 66% with a concurrent increase in SOM-i fibers by mo...

abstract t his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between south korea and thirteen opec member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. the estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. we confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - gdp, income (gdp per c...

Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) an integral primary health provides early screening for drug induced toxicity, by using funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on l...

Because of our limited processing capacity, different elements of the visual scene compete for the allocation of processing resources. One of the most striking deficits in visual selection is simultanagnosia, a rare neuropsychological condition characterized by impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time. To decompose the neuroanatomical substrates of the syndrome and to gain ins...

objective: alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder. it has been suggested that oxidative stress can be one of the pathological mechanisms of this disease. carnosic acid (ca) is an effective antioxidant substance and recent studies have shown that its electrophilic compounds play a role in reversing oxidative stress. thus we tried to find out whether ca administ...