The radiological report of gall bladder contraction 60 minutes after fatty meal, was compared with the computed volume and contraction of gall bladder using Siffert's technique. Of 46 oral cholecystograms, 34 were reported to be normal and 12 as poor contraction. On computation only 14 were found to be normal and 32 showed poor contraction. The difference was statistically significant.

BACKGROUND Benign biliary postoperative stenoses and biliary leaks and fistulas usually occur due to injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gastric or hepatic resection, bilio-enteric anastomoses and after liver transplantation. In most of the cases a new surgical intervention is not possible and the percutaneous trans-hepatic approach is of paramount importance in the diagnosis and treatme...

Cholelithiasis is a prevalent condition in Western populations. Most cases are asymptomatic but complications can occur. Acute cholangitis, cholecystitis, and gallstone pancreatitis are the most common biliary tract emergencies and are usually caused by biliary calculi. Whenever possible, acute cholecystitis should be treated with early LC. AAC is an uncommon condition usually affecting patient...

GERM Cell Tumour is the modern term for a malignant tumour of the testis or ovary. It also includes some tumours that arise in extra-gonadal sites. This volume covers the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and clinical management of germ cell tumours. Inevitably the work is a multi-author presentation but the experience of three of the authors from the Department of Oncology at Charing Cross Ho...

Patients with suspected complications of gallstone disease should be evaluated for alternative diagnoses, as well as complications of gallstones such as pancreatitis and cholangitis. Laboratory evaluation for all these patients should include a complete blood count, basic serum chemistries, liver function tests, serum amylase and lipase, and urinalysis. A urine pregnancy test should always be p...

Several different types of tumors affect the pancreas, the biliary tree, and the liver. Each year, hundreds of articles are published regarding pancreatic, biliary, and hepatic cancers. Accordingly, this chapter concentrates on essential principles. In particular, it focuses on common malignant tumors, addressing benign tumors and uncommon tumors only insofar as they are important in differenti...

Biliary changes secondary to portal hypertension have rarely been described in published reports. Twenty consecutive patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, all of whom showed a variable degree of abnormalities in the biliary tract suggestive of sclerosing cholangitis, are described. These biliary abnormalities were: focal narrowing, dilatations, and cholangitic changes affecting ...

Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with large numbers of patients have been conducted to date in patients with biliary tract cancer, and standard chemotherapy has not been established yet. In this article we review previous studies and clinical trials regarding chemotherapy for unresectable biliary tract cancer, and we present guidelines for the appropriate use of chemotherapy in patients ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between biliary-enteric surgical drainage and the late development of cholangiocarcinoma of the biliary tract. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA In patients with biliary-enteric drainage, reflux of intestinal contents into the bile duct may occur and cause cholangitis, which is regarded as the most serious complication of these procedures. Lithiasis of the biliary ...

Management of biliary tract cancer remains challenging. Tumors show high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance, leading to dismal prognosis and short survival. The cancer stem cell model states that a tumor is a heterogeneous conglomerate of cells, in which a certain subpopulation of cells - the cancer stem cells - possesses stem cell properties. Cancer stem cells have high clinical relev...