The health risk resulting from benzene exposure in petroleum refineries was calculated using data from the scientific literature from various countries throughout the world. The exposure data was collated into four scenarios from petroleum refinery environments and plotted as cumulative probability distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient ...

BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to nickel (Ni) is associated with an increased risk of lung and nasal cancers. Ni compounds exhibit weak mutagenic activity, alter the cell's epigenetic homeostasis, and activate signaling pathways. However, changes in gene expression associated with Ni exposure have only been investigated in vitro. This study was conducted in a Chinese population to determine w...

Second generation biofuels, especially fuels from lignocellulose biomass, which are manufactured from non-food feedstock play a key role to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the dependency on fossil oil. The bioCRACK process represents a new biomass-to-liquid concept to generate advanced biofuel by liquid-phase pyrolysis. As liquid heat carrier vacuum gas oil (VGO), an intermediate heavy oil ...

Qingyu Feng. M.S.A.B.E., Purdue University, December 2013. Biomass Production and Hydrological/Water Quality Impacts of Perennial Crop Production on Marginal Land. Major Professor: Indrajeet Chaubey. Marginal land has been proposed to be a viable choice for biomass production to meet the biofuel development goal set by Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA). However, very little informatio...

Refinery sludge is one of the major industrial wastes that needs to be handled and treated . Therefore, this study aim to investigate the Kinetics of devolatilization and oxidation of the refinery sludge collected from a typical petroleum refinery plant located in Malaysia . Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) was used in this study for modeling of the devolatilization and oxidation processes in ...

Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon) eggs and chicks were collected near a refinery site on the North Platte River, Casper. Wyoming, USA and at a reference site 10 km upstream. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in swallow and wren chicks were higher at the refinery site than at the reference site. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentr...

Plant biomass is considered as an important renewable resource for future bioenergy needs. Cell walls, which are typically highly recalcitrant, constitute the major part of this biomass. Overcoming the cell wall recalcitrance is considered as a major bottleneck towards achieving a highly sustainable and cost-effective production of biofuels from ligno-cellulosic materials [1]. Cell wall compone...

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. However, this production is limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Therefore, to increase yields, microbial biofuel tolerance must be increased. Tolerant strains of bacteria use a wide range of mechanisms to counteract the detrimental effects of tox...

Depletion of petroleum derived fuel and environmental concern has promoted to look over the biofuel as an alternative fuel sources. But a complete substitution of petroleum derived fuels by biofuel is impossible from the production capacity and engine compatibility point of view. Yet, marginal replacement of diesel by biofuel can prolong the depletion of petroleum resources and abate the radica...