this study was performed  in second half of year 2009.for bird counting , monthly from septamber until march 2009. total counted birds in maroon lake were (971). maximum number of counted birds was in february  (191) and minimum of counted was in septamber (95). total counted birds in jaizan were (385. maximum number of the counted bird was in february (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in ja...

IJVM (2013), 7(3):169-175 169 Bacterial contamination of dead-in-shell embryos in ostrich hatcheries and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Escherichia coli Rezaei Far, A., Peighambari, S.M., Sadrzadeh, A., Askari Badouei, M. Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine...

According to Paracelsus (1493-1541) everything from this planet is poison, only the dose makes the poison to be harmless. Even the essential elements for life support are toxic for all organisms in high amounts. Mercury, cadmium, metalloid arsenic and lead were responsible for poisoning and death of many humans and life forms from this planet for centuries. Cadmium forms different compounds tha...

Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and burn wounds in humans. The evolution of antibiotic-resistant enterococci raised a problem due to the possibility of the transmission of these organisms between poultry and human. ...

Salmonella and Campylobacter are of concern to the poultry industry because of the continuing association of poultry-borne transmission of these diseases to humans. Live, mature bird interventions can be demonstrated only by comparing colonization in nontreated groups of control birds with treated bird groups. This study attempted to create a reproducible broiler chicken colonization model. Whe...

Two recent publications report that direct bird-to-bird transmission of West Nile virus is possible. The effect of a bird-to-bird transmission on the transmission dynamics of this virus is studied through mathematical modeling. The model still treats the bird-to-mosquito-to-bird as the main transmission route. The results of numerical calculations show that there are changes in the dynamics of ...

The recent spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 from Southeast Asia into Europe and Africa emphasizes the need to better understand the mechanisms by which the disease is spread. Current wildlife surveillance has been limited to a combination of targeted sampling, opportunistic sampling, and recovery of dead wildlife. Recent interest in avian influenzas provides an opportunit...

High pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza (AI) infection has been reported in domestic poultry, wildlife, and human populations since 1996. Risk of infection is associated with direct contact with infected birds. The mode of H5N1 spread from Asia to Europe, Africa and the Far East is unclear; risk factors such as legal and illegal domestic poultry and exotic bird trade, and migratory bird movem...

Ayurveda Samithas directly or indirectly touch upon each dimension of human life. The leads every science connected to health can be traced in Ayurveda. Ahara Dravyas explained by Acharays plays an important role prevention and curation diseases. Meat various animals birds are mentioned with their nutritive therapeutic values under the sub class Mamsa varga. Kukkuta is one such bird belonging V...