INTRODUCTION The prevalence of urate crystals in residual tissue samples from coronary arteries, aortic valves and prostate glands was assessed. METHODS Alcohol-fixed coronary arteries from 55 explanted hearts, alcohol-fixed aortic valves collected from 75 valve replacement surgeries and 40 frozen, unfixed prostate specimens resected during cancer surgery were examined for birefringent crysta...

We present an imaging polarimeter in transmission mode that is based on a carrier frequency method and allows a spatially resolved polarimetric description of nondichroic linear birefringent media. The apparatus incorporates a generator of polarization states in the incoming pathway and a Wollaston prism and a linear polarizer as the analyzer unit. A series of two fringe pattern images of the b...

Cytochalasin B (CB) induces a biphasic retraction is some cell types. The rapid response that peaks in 30 min leads to the "dendritic" condition. Replicating myogenic and fibrogenic cells, as well as postmitotic myoblasts and myotubes, participate in this reaction. This is followed by a slower phase that requires 40 h for stabilization and leads to the fully "absorized" state. Only replicating ...

In recent years there has been an explosive development of interest in the measurement of forces at the microscopic level, such as within living cells [1, 2, 3], as well as the properties of fluids and suspensions on this scale [4], using optically trapped particles as probes. The next step would be to measure torques and associated rotational motion [5]. This would allow measurement on very sm...

Analytical modeling of optical field propagation in a scattering medium is essential for computational optics such as iterative imaging reconstructions and end-to-end photonic designs. Despite the existence beam method framework numerical electromagnetic simulation tools scalar processes, there has been lack an analytical model to include full tensor nature birefringent scattering. Here, we pre...

A detailed study, based on a Monte Carlo algorithm, of polarized light propagation in birefringent turbid media is presented in this paper. Linear birefringence, which results from the fibrous structures, changes the single scattering matrix and alters the polarization states of photons propagating in biological tissues. Some Mueller matrix elements of light backscattered from birefringent anis...

Stress-birefringent spheres in a triangular lattice exposed to vertical force.

We theoretically and numerically investigate the properties of waveguides based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase, obtained by a longitudinally periodic rotation optic axis in transversely twisted birefringent medium. In this paper we study case where period longitudinal modulation is chosen so that net accumulation geometric phase propagation occurs. First, interplay between different contributions ...

We constructed polarization-selective computer-generated holograms that apply an independent phase profile during readout by horizontal and vertical light polarizations. These elements are composed of two surface-relief-etched birefringent substrates joined face to face. We describe the design methodology for arbitrary birefringent substrate and gap materials. We show how these holograms are fa...

In this paper we present a theoretical and experimental study of the dynamical behaviour of birefringent cavities. Our experimental data show that usual hypothesis which provides that a Fabry-Perot cavity is a first-order low pass filter cannot explain the behaviour of a birefringent cavity. We explain this phenomenon, and give the theoretical expression of the equivalent cavity filter which co...