AIM To describe a new toxic inhalation syndrome in blast furnace workers. METHODS Fourteen workers developed acute respiratory symptoms shortly after exposure to "air blast" from blast furnace tuyeres. These included chest tightness, dyspnoea, rigors, and diaphoresis. Chest radiographs showed pulmonary infiltrates, and lung function a restrictive abnormality. This report includes a descriptio...

There are only limited studies that directly correlate the increase in reinforced concrete (RC) panel structural capacities in resisting the blast loads with different RC panel structural properties in terms of blast loading characteristics, RC panel dimensions, steel reinforcement ratio and concrete material strength. In this paper, numerical analyses of dynamic response and damage of the one-...

Injuries from fireworks are prevalent among youth. The eye is the most frequently injured body part and accounts for more than 2000 injuries annually. Although it is suggested the pressure wave caused by explosions (i.e. blast overpressure) can cause serious eye injuries, there is no clear evidence to support this. The purpose of this research is to assess whether blast overpressure or projecte...

The purpose of passive air blast safety valves is to protect people and technical installations in buildings or facilities. In case explosions, e.g. due failures an oil- gas refinery, the valve should close milliseconds with incident shock wave substantially reduce blast-pressure leakage into building. On other hand, exhibit a low pressure drop normal operation order power consumption ventilato...

A study was carried out at the University of Liverpool on the response of a panel/connection of a 1/4 scale stainless steel blast wall under pulse pressure loading. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of the connection detail on the overall performance of the panel/connection system under pulse pressure loading and to develop appropriate analytical and numerical model of the bl...

As the gathering of information on the prevalence of blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) continues, there is a need for the development and validation of a physical model (headform) reproducing the mechanical response of the human head to the direct loading from a blast wave. The chain of events leading to an injuries following direct exposure to a blast wave is very complex and its f...

The shock front of a blast wave is irregular and can be deflected by obstacles in its pathway, depending on their size and position. Consequently, the injurious effects of blast tend to be capricious, and one person may be unharmed while those around him are killed or severely injured. In most explosions solid material is changed suddenly into a gas with an enormous increase in volume and thus ...

To determine the effects of mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), several groups of rats were subjected to blast injury or sham injury in a compressed air-driven shock tube. The effects of bTBI on relative cerebral perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry [LDF]), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) cerebral vascular resistance were measured for 2 h post-bTBI. Dilator responses to reduc...

Blast-induced TBI has gained prominence in recent years due to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet little is known about the mechanical effects of blasts on the human head; no injury thresholds have been established for blast effects on the head, and even direct transmission of the shock wave to the intracranial cavity is disputed. Still less is known about how personal protective equipm...