This paper describes board size and composition and investigates the role of venture capital in a sample of 1,116 firms’ initial public offerings. First, firms backed by venture capital have fewer insider and instrumental directors and more independent outsiders. Second, we consider board composition as the outcome of a bargain between the CEO and outside shareholders. Representation of indepen...

Pension de-risking strategies have been widely adopted by firms with defined-benefit (DB) pension plans to reduce risk. This paper investigates the influence of board composition on within UK, focusing particularly three strategies: changes asset allocations, switches from DB defined-contribution (DC) and buy-ins buy-outs. Our findings suggest that larger boards more independent directors are l...