Whether they are being taken as dietary supplements by the general public or being evaluated in a clinical study, the authenticity of botanical products is a matter of paramount concern. Botanical specimens and the dietary supplements derived from them can vary in quality and in chemical constituent profiles because of a number of factors. Subtle variations in botanical specimens are known to h...

This research aims to extract neem oil from kernels of Neem seed. The extracted was used for bio-pesticide control pests. An presser machine extraction the oil. results obtained showed that an average 140ml/kg seed kernel. based insecticides are botanical pesticides safer environment and public. Various studies have shown is non-toxic birds, beneficial insects. Moreover, can be as fungicide, in...

Background: We aimed to evaluate effect of Euphorbia royleana exposure on histocytology of corpuscles of Stannius in fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Methods: Fish were subjected to 2.47 mg/L and 0.618 mg/L of E. royleana for short-term and long-term exposure, respectively. Blood samples were collected on 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in long-term experiment a...

1064 Identification of Articles of Botanical Origin by High-Performance ThinLayer Chromatography Procedure. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is widely used for botanical identification. Variability of the chromatographic conditions has the potential to significantly impact the results. This informational general chapter describes, with illustrations, the need to control the re...

Abstract Background The uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability. Ethanol extracts three spices ( Piper guineense , Aframomum melegueta Zingiber officinale ) commercial pesticide AzaSol (6% azadirachtin) were assessed for contact toxicity, residual effects, potential soil ...

Pesticide Action Network, United Farmworkers of America, and California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation analyzed California government data on agricultural poisonings and enforcement of worker safety standards. Nearly 500 pesticide poisonings were reported for California farmworkers every year from 1997 to 2000. The actual number of pesticide-related illnesses is unknown, since many poisoning...

Because botanical taxonomies are prototypical classifications it would seem that it should be easy to formalize them as concept lattices or type hierarchies. On closer inspection, however, one discovers that such a formalization is quite challenging to obtain. First, botanical taxonomies consist of several interrelated hierarchies, such as a specimen-based plant typology, a name hierarchy and a...