OBJECTIVE We determined the incidence of written-language disorder (WLD) among children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population-based birth cohort. METHODS Subjects included a birth cohort of all children born in 1976-1982 who remained in Rochester, Minnesota, after 5 years of age (N = 5718). Information from medical, school, and private tutorial recor...

BACKGROUND Is it possible to reach performance equality between boys and girls in a science class? Given the stereotypes targeting their groups in scientific domains, diagnostic contexts generally lower girls' performance and non-diagnostic contexts may harm boys' performance. AIM The present study tested the effectiveness of a mastery-oriented assessment, allowing both boys and girls to perf...

Background & Aims: Disorders caused by iodine, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations are among the main health - nutritional issues of our community and health priorities. Kerman province was one of the areas with high prevalence of endemic goiter before iodination programs. Since control and monitoring of programs of iodine deficiency elimination in our country is done every 5 years,...

Secular changes in body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle-run test performance) were assessed in 10-year-old children from an affluent area of England in 1998 (n = 303; 158 boys and 145 girls) and 2008 (n = 315; 158 boys and 157 girls). Girls' BMI did not change over the 10 year period. There was a significant increase in boys' BMI (p = 0.02). Cardiorespiratory fitnes...

BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period of gender-specific physical changes, during which eating habits develop. To better understand what factors determine unhealthy eating habits such as dieting to lose weight, skipping meals, and consumption of unhealthy foods, we studied how physical measurements and body perception relate to eating habits in boys and girls, before and during adolescence. METH...

there is limited data in the literature on the normal size of the anterior fontanelle. this cross- sectional study was to determine normal values of anterior fontanelle size on the first day of life, using standard methods. anterior fontanelle size was measured in 400 term and healthy neonates delivered at the shariati hospital, tehran, iran. examination included assessment of head circumferenc...