A 4-month-old boy presented with symptoms and signs characteristic of infant botulism. Examination of feces revealed Clostridium botulinum type B and type B toxin. The numbers of C. botulinum and the amount of toxin in feces were measured throughout the 4-week period in hospital. The maximum numbers and amounts were detected in a fecal specimen collected 16 days after admission: this contained ...

After Clostridium botulinum type G organisms and toxin were identified in necropsy specimens in cases of unexplained death in adults and infants (O. Sonnabend, W. Sonnabend, R. Heinzle, T. Sigrist, R Dirnhofer, and U. Krech, J. Infect. Dis. 143:22-27, 1981), extensive research to detect C. botulinum type G in soil samples from Switzerland was done. A total of 41 specimens from virgin soil and f...

association of cluster headache and secondary blepharospasm bagheri a, md*; mohammadi m, md; khosravi fard k, md; harooni g, md ophthalmic research center, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran * corresponding author: [email protected] purpose: to report a case of cluster headache associated with secondary blepharospasm and its management. case report: a 37-year-old ...

Botulism in Nunavik, Quebec is associated with the consumption of aged marine mammal meat and fat. The objective was to identify meat handling practices presenting a risk of contamination of seal meat with C. botulinum. Potential sources of contamination were assessed through interviews with igunaq producers from five communities of Nunavik. These sources were verified by detection and isolatio...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different volumes of saline vehicle on the effects of botulinum toxin type A in reducing ankle plantarflexor spasticity and improving gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN Children with cerebral palsy having ankle plantarflexor spasticity were recruited. They were divided randomly into 2 groups. Botulinum toxin...

Botulism is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by the botulinum toxin, the most toxic naturally occurring substance [1]. The neurotoxin is formed by various strains of the anaerobic, Gram-positive and spore-forming genus Clostridium (C. botulinum, C. baratii and C. butyricum) [2]. The botulinum toxin is classified in eight serotypes A-H [2][3], of which the serotypes A, B, E and F (BoNT...

Gerwing, Julia (The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada), Claude E. Dolman, and David A. Arnott. Activation phenomenon of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. J. Bacteriol. 84:302-306. 1962-Highly purified preparations of both nonactivated and trypsin-activated type E botulinus toxins have been analyzed in an ultracentrifuge. Untreated botulinus type E toxin was found to have a sed...

Fluorescent-antibody reagents were prepared against vegetative cells of representative strains of each physiological group and toxin type of Clostridium botulinum known to have caused botulism in humans. A fluorescent-antibody reagent was also prepared for C. botulinum type G, which has been isolated from autopsy specimens but which has not clearly been implicated in botulism. These fluorescent...

Botulinum Toxin as a medical therapy was introduced by Dr Alan Scott more than 20 years ago. The first clinical applications of Botulinum Toxin type A (BT-A) were for the treatment of strabismus and for periocular spasms. Botulinum Toxin type A is often effective in small to moderate angle convergent strabismus (esotropia) of any cause, and may be an alternative to surgery in these cases. Botul...

Botulinum toxin injection into the pylorus is reported to improve gastric emptying in gastroparesis. Classically, botulinum toxin inhibits ACh release from cholinergic nerves in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of botulinum toxin on pyloric smooth muscle. Guinea pig pyloric muscle strips were studied in vitro. Botulinum toxin type A was added; electric field s...