In this section, we present a three-organization example to illustrate more about how the A and the C matrices can differ. Recall our simple example from Section IG (see Figure 1). There are two organizations, i = 1, 2, each of which has a 50% stake in the other organization. The associated crossholdings matrix C and the dependency matrix A are as follows. (Recall that Ĉii is equal to 1 minus t...

People base their view of nature on a new device that is both revolutionary and pervasive. Because we humans built the device, we can comprehend it. Consequently, the new technology often further serves humans as a well-understood analog of nature. In the present context, some scientists claim that the basic particle of the universe is information; that information is not an abstraction of real...

Recall #Questions dec rand node Figure 1: Corrected Figure 12(b): #Questions vs Recall for Places We discovered that there was a duplicate figure in our paper. We accidentally put Figure 13(b) for Figure 12(b). We have provided the correct Figure 12(b) above (See Figure 1). Figure 1 plots the recall of various strategies as a function of the number of questions asked for Places dataset. There w...

Fractal Dimension (FD) is an essential feature of fractal geometry that characterizes the surface roughness of complex or irritated objects. Though, fractal dimension gradually established its importance in the area of image processing by means of image segmentation, Pattern recognition, texture and medical signal analysis and many more. A number of algorithms for estimation of fractal dimensio...

A very important property of a deterministic self-similar set is that its Hausdorff dimension and upper box-counting dimension coincide. This paper considers the random case. We show that for a random self-similar set, its Hausdorff dimension and upper box-counting dimension are equal a.s.

Validation is a process that determines the fitness of an assay, which has been properly developed, optimised and standardised, for an intended purpose. Validation includes estimates of the analytical and diagnostic performance characteristics of a test. In the context of this chapter, an assay that has completed the first three stages of the validation pathway (see Figure 1 below), including p...

This paper is concerned with the construction of intervals of computably enumerable degrees in which the lattice M5 (see Figure 1) cannot be embedded. Actually, we construct intervals I of computably enumerable degrees without any weak critical triples (this implies that M5 cannot be embedded in I, see Section 2). Our strongest result is that there is a low2 computably enumerable degree e such ...

Almost every person has a life-long personal name which is officially recognised and has only one correct version in their language. Each personal name typically has two components/parts: a first name (also known as given, fore, or Christian name) and a last name (also known as family name or surname). Both these name components are strongly influenced by cultural, economic, historical, politic...

T he veracity of scientific research has become a topic of public discussion recently [1]. This article examines why mathematicians correct errors at a slower pace than many other researchers (see Figure 1). Some sociological aspects of mathematics research may make mathematicians averse to publishing corrections, while mathematics journals have comparatively weak procedures to assure the corre...

e Problem Currently, librarians, archivists, and museum professionals can choose from a large universe of representation standards (see Figure 1). Each of these standards exhibits various strengths and weaknesses based on the problems they are engineered to address. Unfortunately, standards developers do not always explicitly articulate the problems or the contexts that shaped a particular sol...