background: taking visual acuity is an important part of an eye routine examination. this study was conducted to compare visual acuity measured using an iranian digital tumbling e chart with visual acuity measured using an italian digital tumbling e chart as a familiar foreign chart. materials and methods: this study was carried out on 200 participants (400 eyes; healthy n=40, glaucoma n=40, re...

Background: Femoral stem anteversion during hip arthroplasty is generally estimated by eye intraoperatively and hasproven to be different from targeted values. This study aims to determine the accuracy of a novel technique using adigital protractor and a spirit level to improve surgeons’ estimation of stem anteversion.Methods: A prospective non-randomized study was conducted a...

We prove a generalization of the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem for the open annulus showing that if a homeomorphism satisfies a certain twist condition and the nonwandering set is connected, then there is a fixed point. Our main focus is the study of bounded homeomorphisms of the open annulus. We prove a fixed point theorem for bounded homeomorphisms and study the special case of those homeomorphis...

Bilirubin-IX-alpha (BR) is the final product of heme metabolism through the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase (HO/BVR) system. Previous papers reported on the microbicidal effects of the HO by-products biliverdin-IX-alpha, carbon monoxide and iron, through either direct or indirect mechanisms. In this paper the evidence of a virucidal effect of BR against human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HS...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate rice plant architecture, including leaf bending, which affects grain yield. Although BR signaling has been investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, the components negatively regulating this pathway are less well understood. Here, we demonstrate that Oryza sativa LEAF and TILLER ANGLE INCREASED CONTROLLER (LIC) acts as an antagonistic transcription factor of BRASSINA...

We describe a circle of ideas relating the dynamics of 2-dimensional homeomorphisms to that of 1-dimensional endomorphisms. This is used to introduce a new class of maps generalizing that of Thurston’s pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms.

Background: Non-Iranian Primary Tritipyrum (2n=6x=42, AABBEbEb) set seed after Triticale (2n=6x=42, AABBRR) and Tritordeum (2n=6x=42, AABBHcHc) but, due to a few undesirable agronomic traits, it cannot fulfil the commercial expectations of farming. Objectives: To remove these deficiencies, six hexaploid Tritipyrum lines were crossed with four Iranian bread wheat cultivars which led to the...

Salt reabsorption by the human sweat duct is markedly reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF). We used fluorescence-digital imaging microscopy in combination with a halide-specific fluorescent dye [6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ)] to determine if this defective salt reabsorption is referable to a reduced plasma membrane Cl- permeability of the epithelial cells that line the sweat duct. Swe...