In orthodontics bracket positioning is the key to good results beside good diagnosis and treatment planning. All the advocates of different appliance system laid stress on proper positioning of brackets Accurate bracket placement is very important since it affects torque, tip, in/out , vertical positioning and rotation. The purpose of this article is to review the work of notable orthodontists ...

statement of the problem: various methods such as light emitting diode (led) have been used to enhance the polymerization of resin-based orthodontic adhesives. there is a lack of information on the advantages and disadvantages of different light curing systems. purpose: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of led and halogen light curing systems on the shear bond strength of orthodon...

objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conventional and high-power light emitting diode (led) light curing units on shear bond strength (sbs) of metal and ceramic brackets to tooth surface. materials and methods: forty sound bovine maxillary central incisors were used for the study. the teeth were divided into four groups (n=10). teeth surfaces were etched with 37% phos...

We present a computational, atomistic study of electric field effects on the Young's modulus of metal nanowires. The simulations are electromechanically coupled, where the mechanical forces on the atoms are obtained from realistic embedded atom method potentials, and where the electrostatic forces on the atoms are obtained using a point dipole electrostatic model that is modified to account for...

Introduction: Torque in orthodontics is vital in final positioning of the teeth during fixed appliance therapy. Torqueing of archwires is a significant factor in transferring the applied forces to the bracket which might cause deformation of the slot. Any deformation in the bracket slot can vary the torque prescription and thus can affect the tooth position. Aim: To evaluate and compare the def...

Biquandle brackets define invariants of classical and virtual knots links using skein biquandle-colored links. coloring quivers categorify the biquandle counting invariant in sense defining quiver-valued enhancements which decategorify to invariant. In this paper, we unite two ideas bracket quivers, providing new categorifications brackets. particular, our construction provides an infinite fami...

In an experimental study the bond strength of stainless steel, ceramic and plastic brackets to bovine enamel was investigated by tensile testing. The brackets were cemented to the enamel using a conventional two-paste orthodontic bonding resin, a light-cured, fluoride-releasing adhesive, a no-mix-orthodontic bonding resin and a light-curing glass ionomer cement. For evaluation of the experiment...

introduced in 1991 to save the clinician the time spent in preparing the adhesive for direct bonding and applying it to the bracket.1 The APC brackets, which are packaged in individual capsules for ease of identification and infection control, are applied with finger pressure.2 A uniform factory precoating purportedly ensures an even amount and consistency of composite beneath each bracket. Any...