There is an emerging interest in brain-mapping projects in countries across the world, including the USA, Europe, Australia and China. In 2014, Japan started a brain-mapping project called Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies (Brain/MINDS). Brain/MINDS aims to map the structure and function of neuronal circuits to ultimately understand the vast complexity of the hum...

We evaluated the rapid changes in regional scalp EEG synchronization in normal subjects with spatial and temporal resolution exceeding prior art 10-fold with a high spatial density array and the Hilbert transform. A curvilinear array of 64 electrodes 3 mm apart extending 18.9 cm across the scalp was used to record EEG at 200/sec. Analytic amplitude (AA) and phase (AP) were calculated at each ti...

The scientiic aim of brain mapping is to investigate which regions of the brain are used when a subject is involved in a particular task, such as cognitive tasks, sensory stimuli, or memory challenges, or how brain function diiers between diierent groups of subjects, such as normals and schizophrenics. A second aim is the study of how brain anatomy diiers between diierent groups of subjects. Th...

This review highlights the key role of modularity and the additive factors method in functional neuroimaging. Our focus is on structure-function mappings in the human brain and how these are disclosed by brain mapping. We describe how modularity of processing (and possibly processes) was a key point of reference for establishing functional segregation as a principle of brain organization. Furth...

Human brain maturation is a complex, lifelong process that can now be examined in detail using neuroimaging techniques. Ongoing projects scan subjects longitudinally with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling the time-course and anatomical sequence of development to be reconstructed. Here, we review recent progress on imaging studies of development. We focus on cortical and subc...

The brain has revealed many of its secrets during the decade dedicated to its honor. Many of the exquisite techniques used in quite ingenious ways to uncover the workings of the brain involve microanalysis of the chemistry and biophysics of the brain’s complex and varied cellular structure. But, most revelations that can be readily appreciated by a general audience come from the giant leaps mad...

FUNCTIONAL BRAIN MAPPING may be useful for both preoperative planning and intraoperative neurosurgical decision making. “Gold standard” functional studies such as direct electrical stimulation and recording are complemented by newer, less invasive techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. Less invasive techniques allow more areas of the brain to be mapped in more subjects (inclu...

Objective Brain mapping techniques allow one to effectively approach tumors involving the primary sensory-motor cortex and nearby area (M1). Tumor resectability maintenance of patient integrity depend on ability successfully identify motor tracts during resection by choosing most appropriate neurophysiological paradigm for mapping. Mapping with a high frequency (HF) stimulation technique has em...