INTRODUCTION Epicormic branches are shoots arising spontaneously from adventitious or dormant buds on stems or branches of woody plants, often following exposure to increased light levels or fire (Helms 1998). Epicormic branches are considered defects on tree boles because they result in undesirable knots on trees, reducing the monetary value of logs and lumber (Stubbs 1986). U.S. Department of...

Largest branch diameter in the breast-height region (LLBH) and acoustic velocity on lower bole were measured on trees in a 20-year-old Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) experiment comparing seven density management/fertiliser regimes. The less dense regimes tended to have larger mean branch diameter at breast height, with fertiliser increasing the mean even further. However, ex...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to identify echocardiographic predictors of aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) in infants with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia (TOF/PA) and to prospectively validate these predictors. BACKGROUND In patients with TOF/PA, routine preoperative diagnostic cardiac catheterization is usually performed to determine the presence and distribution of APCs and...

Litter input drives dynamic soil models that are used to understand the flows and stocks of soil carbon. In estimation of above-ground litterfall, much of the uncertainty lies in the turnover rate of branches. The objective of this study was to develop a model for estimating the branch litterfall of Scots pine stands. Here the potential litterfall of branches was modelled as a function of tree ...

Background: Small side branches, albeit less important than their larger counterparts, have not yet received due attention in the literature. Nor has there ever been a comparison between drug-eluting stents and bare metal stents apropos side branch occlusion. The aim of this study was to compare the patency of small (≥0.5 and ≤1.5 mm in diameter) side branches with respect to bare metal vs. dru...

BACKGROUND/AIM Soft tissue defects in the distal third of the lower leg are persistent and constitute a major problem in the reconstructive surgery. This study presents an analysis of the anatomical vascularization filed of ascending branch of the peroneal artery ramus perforans (PARS). The aim of this study was to assess reliability of the distal flap on the antero-lateral aspect of a lower le...

the effects of salicylic acid (sa) and putrescine (put), on cut gladioluswas studied. sa (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg l-1) and put (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg l-1), their combinations were tested as preservative mixture. this study was conducted in a factorial experiment with complete randomized design on 192 gladioluscut flowers in horticulture laboratory of agriculture faculty of islamic azad universi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of using free gracilis muscle transfer along with the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion in lower trunk brachial plexus injury according to an anatomical study and a case report. METHODS Thirty formalin-fixed upper extremities from 15 adult cadavers were used in this study. The distance from the p...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Bifurcation lesions are relatively frequently encountered in everyday interventional practice. Stenting of the vessel chosen to be main (usually the larger one) frequently leads to stenosis at the ostium of the side branch (SB) and compromises its flow (side branch compromise--SBC). The relative dependence of main and side branch diameters, based on the concept of carina disp...