hereditary spastic paraplegias are highly heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with some special mutations. we report on a patient with pescavus, distal a myotrophy, hyper extended fingers, and pectus excavatum. neurological examination showed that he had proximal lower limbs weakness with a positive gower sign, exaggerated lower limbs deep tendon reflexes with spasticity, distal muscle wa...

cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. the aim of this randomized pilot study was to detect and characterize infective species and determine the genotypes of cryptosporidium parasites in pediatric patients suffering from diarrhea in north west of iran. a total of 113 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic children hospitalized in tab...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a demyelinating neuro- inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. genetic predisposition has long been suspected in the etiology of this disease. the association between mthfr polymorphisms and ms has been ivestigated in different ethnic groups. we investigated the association between mthfr c677t and a1298c missense variants and ms in 180 patients ...

background and objective: haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is divided into two distinct genotypes, type i and type ii, based on the structure of capsular polysaccharides. the capsulation locus of haemophilus influenzae type b consists of three functionally distinct regions, designated regions 1 to 3. region iii contains hcsa and hcsb genes; however, notable sequence variation in this region ...

conclusions more than one-quarter of treatment-experienced patients with hcv genotype 3 achieved svr after re-treatment with consensus interferon plus ribavirin. objectives we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of cifn and ribavirin in non-responders and relapsers to pegylated interferon with ribavirin therapy. patients and methods this open-label investigator-initiated study included 44 p...

Background: Approximately 600,000 deaths occur every year as a result of the acute and chronic consequences of hepatitis B virus infection. Ten different hepatitis B virus genotypes have been identified with distinct geographical distributions. Different clinical outcomes, including the rate of mutations, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, chronicity, response to treatment, transplantatio...

Abstract Newly breeded hybrid fall rye (HFR) with improved ergot resistance can be an alternative energy source for pigs. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 18.2 ± 1.0 kg) were used to determine the effects of particle size (PS) and multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation on nutrient digestibility in HFR. Pigs randomly assigned 1 8 diets a replicated × 3 incomplete Latin square desig...

The results of the studies showed that by prolactin gene (PRL), highest yield was found in first-calf heifers with PRLBB genotype 4.7% -10.5% as compared to herd-mates other genotypes; and cows second third lactations – PRLAB 2.6-10.6%. In terms milk fat, animals had a higher rate than PRLAA genotypes 0.04-0.17 pp, especially lactation having most noticeable changes. By beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important viral with epidemic status in Asia, which caused by virus (JEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus . JEV divided into five genotypes. Genotype 5 (G5) relatively neglected because limited number cases and strains isolated. The first strain G5 (Muar strain) was isolated Singapore 1952 patient from Muar, Malaysia. second (XZ0934) 57 years later China, thus...