Electroweak baryogenesis in the Standard Model (or extensions of it) happens on or near the surface of the bubbles which nucleate and subsequently grow during the first order Electroweak phase transition. In this case, it is very difficult to compute the bubble nucleation rate analytically with sufficient accuracy: since the transition is radiatively generated, no classical bubble solution exis...

We analyse a new mechanism for the cosmological QCD first-order phase transition: inhomogeneous nucleation. The primordial temperature fluctuations are larger than the tiny temperature interval, in which bubbles would form in the standard picture of homogeneous nucleation. Thus the bubbles nucleate at cold spots. We find the typical distance between bubble centers to be a few meters. This excee...

A heterogeneous nucleation of a vapor bubble on a solid surface was simulated by the molecular dynamics method. Liquid argon between parallel solid surfaces was gradually expanded, until a vapor bubble was nucleated. Argon liquid was represented by 5488 Lennard-Jones molecules and each surface was represented by three layers of harmonic molecules with the constant temperature heat bath model. W...

Formation conditions of single magnetic bubblesthrough in-plane field demagnetization are investigated in an array of Co/Ni circular dots by magnetic force microscopy and compared to micromagnetic calculations. We demonstrate high success rates in nucleating stable bubbles. The efficiency of single bubble formation is found to depend not only on the dot size, material thickness and intrinsic ma...

We present numerical results on bubble profiles, nucleation rates and time evolution for a weakly first-order quark-hadron phase transition in different expansion scenarios. We confirm the standard picture of a cosmological first-order phase transition, in which the phase transition is entirely dominated by nucleation. We also show that, even for expansion rates much lower than those expected i...

This paper presents work using the capabilities of two TEM with in-situ ion irradiation facilities: Microscope and Ion Accelerator for Materials Investigation (MIAMI) at the University of Huddersfield and Joint Accelerators for Nano-science and Nuclear Simulation JANNuS at Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Orsay, France, to study the nucleation and growth o...

In the context of bubble universes produced by a first-order phase transition with large nucleation rates compared to the inverse dynamical time scale of the parent bubble, we extend the usual analysis to non-vacuum backgrounds. In particular, we provide semi-analytic and numerical results for the modified nucleation rate in FLRW backgrounds, as well as a parameter study of bubble walls propaga...

In many systems in condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, first order phase transitions are initiated by the nucleation of bubbles of the stable phase. In homogeneous nucleation theory the nucleation rate Γ can be written in the form of the Arrhenius law: Γ = Ae −Hc. Here H c is the energy of the critical bubble, and the prefactor A can be expressed in terms of the determinant of th...

We investigate the semiclassical instability of the Randall-Sundrum brane-world. We carefully analyze the bubble solution with the Randall-Sundrum background which expresses the decay of the brane-world. We evaluate the decay probability following the Euclidean path integral approach to the quantum gravity. Since a bubble rapidly expand after the nucleation, the full space-time will be occupied...

To investigate factors influencing nucleation of air clathrate hydrates in polar ice sheets, we have performed high-resolution mapping of the distributions of soluble impurities, air bubbles and airhydrate crystals versus depth in the Dome Fuji Antarctic ice. Significant correlation observed between the concentrations of air inclusions and impurities in ice along with frequent occurrence of imp...