OBJECTIVES In contrast to other countries, surgery still represents the common invasive treatment for varicose veins in Germany. However, radiofrequency ablation, e.g. ClosureFast, becomes more and more popular in other countries due to potential better results and reduced side effects. This treatment option may cause less follow-up costs and is a more convenient procedure for patients, which c...

There has been a significant increase in leakage energy dissipation of CMOS circuits with each technology generation. Further, due to their large size, last level caches (LLCs) spend a large fraction of their energy in the form of leakage energy and hence, addressing this has become extremely important to meet the challenges of chip power budget. For addressing this, several techniques have bee...

Amid an increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world, virtual water trade as both a policy instrument and practical means to balance the local, national and global water budget has received much attention in recent years. Building upon the knowledge of virtual water accounting in the literature, this study assesses the efficiency of water use embodied in the international food trade fro...

Following through on pledges made during his election campaign, President Bush proposed and Congress passed a substantial tax cut in 2001, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA). Much has been written about the size of the tax cut, its impact on the federal budget, its distributional consequences, and its short-run macroeconomic impact. There has been less focus on EGTRR...

Enhanced RFID tag technology especially in the UHF frequency range provides extended functionality like high operating range and sensing and monitoring capabilities. Such functionality requiring extended system structures including data acquisition units, real time clocks and active transmitters causes a high energy consumption of the tag and requires an on board energy store (battery). As a ke...

Objective To assess the budget impact of using ulipristal acetate (UPA) 5 mg to treat women with uterine fibroids (UF) causing moderate to severe symptoms. Design We modelled trends in the number of surgical procedures for symptomatic UF, with and without the use of UPA for preoperative or intermittent treatment and assessed the budget impact of UPA use from the French national healthcare insur...

Over many years, Ben Friedman’s economic research and writings in political economy frame economic analysis of— and moral consideration of—large government budget deficits and the need for fiscal consolidation in the United States. In his book The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, Friedman emphasizes the salutary effects economic growth for openness and social cohesion. This essay emphasiz...

DO REDUCTIONS IN CLINICAL SERVICE SAVE MONEY? It is common practice for management when faced with financial overspends to combat this by reducing services and closing wards or departments. But does this really save any money? It is a paradox of the present National Health Service that hard working units fall into an efficiency trap. The more work that is done, the more patients who are seen an...

OBJECTIVE To assess the budget impact of using ulipristal acetate (UPA) 5 mg to treat women with uterine fibroids (UF) causing moderate to severe symptoms. DESIGN We modelled trends in the number of surgical procedures for symptomatic UF, with and without the use of UPA for preoperative or intermittent treatment and assessed the budget impact of UPA use from the French national healthcare ins...

Saving for the third age is extremely important in conditions of an uncertainty global economy, unfavorable demographic trends and related problem fiscal imbalances. In order to improve sustainability Croatian three-pillar pension system, there have been recent attempts significantly increase role voluntary insurance other forms saving age. The aim such measures reduce increasing dependence ben...