A reliable high-speed bus employing low-swing signaling can be designed by encoding the bus to prevent crosstalk and provide error correction. Coding for on-chip buses requires additional bus wires and codec circuits. In this paper, fundamental bounds on the number of wires required to provide joint crosstalk avoidance and error correction using memoryless codes are presented. The authors propo...

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged as a viable option to enhance transportation capacity and provide increased levels of mobility and accessibility. BRT systems vary from one application to another but all provide a higher level of service than traditional bus transportation. Service on BRT systems is generally faster than regular bus service because the buses m...

In a modern military avionics system all the devices need to communicate as efficiently as possible with a minimum amount of hardware. 1553 is a dualredundant, bi-directional, Manchester encoded, digital time division command/ response data bus which eliminates the use of point-to-point wiring. It uses a shielded twisted pair wire for data transfer. This bus can allow communication between any ...

A MIMD processor system is described, which allows forward and backward hardware error recovery (FHER and BHER) for data transfers. Fault-tolerant operation is provided by a multiple bus system and distributed error correction controller (ECC) hardware. Addresses and data are transferred through the bus system together with an error correction code, which is generated and checked by the ECC har...

The transmission grid is often comprised of several control areas that are connected by multiple tie lines in a mesh structure for reliability. It also well-known line failures can propagate non-locally and redundancy exacerbate cascading. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to reliability (i) judiciously switches off small number so the tree structure; (ii) leverages unified frequ...

Waiting time in bus stops heavily affects traveler attitude towards public transportation and therefore is an important element for consideration when planning and operating a bus system. Furthermore, what passengers perceive as waiting time is often quite different from their actual waiting time at a bus stop. In this context, we present an empirical investigation of actual and perceived waiti...

Ever-increasing energy demand has led to geographic expansion of transmission lines and their complexity. In addition, higher reliability is expected in the transmission systemsdue to their vital role in power systems. It is very difficult to realize this goal by conventional monitoring and control methods. Thus, phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used to measure system parameters. Although in...