The respiratory distress syndrome is believed to be due to insufficient surfactant. It is known that there is a greater incidence of the respiratory distress syndrome among infants delivered by cesarean section before labor than among those delivered after labor at the same gestational age. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of labor on the production of pulmonary surfactant....

Higher labor costs (higher wage rates and employee benefits) make workers better off, but they can reduce companies’ profits, the number of jobs, and the hours each person works. Overtime pay, hiring subsidies, the minimum wage, and payroll taxes are just a few of the policies that affect labor costs. Policies that increase labor costs can substantially affect both employment and hours, in indi...

We estimate that permitting inmate labor would likely increase national output, but by less than 0.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product. The largest social benefits from inmate labor are likely to come about from decreased recidivism, although the effect of inmate labor on subsequent crime and recidivism rates has not been adequately studied. The potential inmate workforce is low skilled. We est...

We investigate the microeconomic implications of labor regulations that protect employment and are expected to increase rigidity in labor markets. We exploit a unique outlet-level dataset obtained from a multi-national food chain operating about 2840 retail outlets in over 48 countries outside the US. The dataset provides information on output, input costs and labor costs at a weekly frequency ...