To increase the resilience of agroecological farming systems against weeds, pests, and pathogens, evolutionary breeding diversified crop populations is highly promising. A fundamental challenge in population to combine effective selection progress while maintaining intraspecific diversity. hydroponic system was tested for its suitability non-destructively select root traits on a level order ach...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (smarpex and novapex) in detecting apical perforation. materials and methods: after access cavity preparations, the working length was determined by the first examiner before and after perforation with a stereomicroscope by introducing a k-file size 10 into the canal and size 25 k-file up to the per...

Nitrogen (N) is an essential major nutrient for food crops. Although ammonium (NH4+) the primary N source of rice (Oryza sativa), nitrate (NO3?) can also be absorbed and utilized. Rice responds to NO3? application by altering its root morphology, such as elongation. Strigolactones (SLs) are important modulators length. However, roles SLs their downstream genes in NO3?-induced elongation remain ...

introduction: success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. among the most important factors, appropriate preparation of the root canal system and keeping periapical region intact as much as possible could be mentioned. these are achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal i.e. the working length. several methods are introduced for working lengt...

introduction: despite being the gold standard as well as a routine technique in endodontics, radiographic working length (wl) determination owns many drawbacks. electronic apex-locators (eals) are recommended to complement radiographies. the aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of iranian general dental practitioners (gdps) towards using radiography and eal. methods and materials: ...

The root system architecture (RSA) in monocotyledonous plants like rice is consists of primary roots, lateral seminal/crown and hairs. soil nutrients also influence many physiological processes via various parameters length, diameter angle for growth development. variation influenced by the intrinsic factors (phytohormones, transcription factors) extrinsic (light, temperature moisture) their co...