Abbreviations: BCs – basket cells, CB – calbindin, CBPs – calcium-binding proteins, CCK – cholecystokinin, CGE – caudal ganglionic eminences, ChCs – Chandelier cells, CR – calretinin, C-Rs – Cajal-Retzius cells, DBCs – double-bouquet cells, fMR – functional neuroimaging, GABA – gamma-aminobutyric acid, GAD – glutamic acid decarboxylase, IR – immunoreactive, LBCs – large basket cells, LGE – late...

Excessive calcium is thought to be a critical step in various neurodegenerative processes including ischemia. Calbindin D28k (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV), members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family, are thought to play a neuroprotective role in various pathologic conditions by serving as a buffer against excessive calcium. The expression of CB, PV and CR in the ischemi...

The present study was undertaken to shed light on the synaptic organization of the rat basolateral amygdala (BLA). The BLA contains multiple types of GABAergic interneurons that are differentially connected with extrinsic afferents and other BLA cells. Previously, it was reported that parvalbumin immunoreactive (PV(+) ) interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from principal BLA cells but ...

The optic tectum of vertebrates bears a set of visual neurons which can be differentiated by the expression of distinct calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). Using immunohistochemistry, we mapped the distribution of the CaBPs calbindin (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) in the pigeon's optic tectum and examined if their differentiation is affected by retinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-injectio...

Adolescence is of particular significance to schizophrenia, since psychosis onset typically occurs in this critical period. Based on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia, in this study, we investigated whether and how repeated NMDA receptor blockade during adolescence would affect GABAergic interneurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC...

The excitatory amino acid, aspartate/glutamate content of septal complex calretinin (CR)-, choline acetyltransferase plus substance P-, and Leu-enkephalin (Leu-enk)-containing extrinsic afferents was examined. Experiments were carried out using the transmitter-specific [3H]-D-aspartate retrograde tracer technique in combination with immunostaining for CR, choline acetyltransferase, and Leu-enk....

Dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis has been linked to neuropathological symptoms observed in aging and age-related disease. Alterations in the distribution and relative frequency of calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs), which are important in regulating intracellular calcium levels, may contribute to disruption of calcium homeostasis. Here we examined the laminar distribution of thr...

In this study, the neuropathological changes induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and chronic mild stress (CMS) in calbindin D-28K (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive neurons in the rat hippocampus were demonstrated. We used immunohistochemical techniques to quantify the numerical density and morphological changes of PV immunoreactive and CB immunoreactive neurons in the dentate g...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding and UVB exposition on the occurrence and distribution patterns of vitamin D receptors (VDR) and calbindin D28k (Cb-D28k) in the gastrointestinal tract of veiled chameleons. Thus, 56 veiled chameleon hatchlings were divided into six treatment groups: UV (with UVB exposure); No (no supplements, no UVB exposure); CaAUV (with cal...

The use of animal models for preclinical screening of potential new drugs for cognitive or other disorders requires that the models replicate to an acceptable degree the etiology, pathology and symptoms of the disorder. A number of transgenic mouse models exist for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); these models reproduce specific neurodegenerative lesions as well as cognitive and behavioral alterations...