In 1968, in the lead article of the 48th volume of Physiological Reviews,' P. C. Caldwell cited work on internally perfused squid axon as creating "difficulties for theories due to . . . Ling (185-187 [in this paper, ref. 2-41)." Caldwell stated in his article: "The difficulties raised for Ling's fixed-charge hypothesis (185-187) are . . . fairly fundamental. This hypothesis implies that ions a...

Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are a class of synthetic chemicals used as plasticizers to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in a wide range of consumer and personal care products. Phthalates are released into the environment and taken up by the general population mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Phthalates are lipid soluble, have relatively short (less than 24 h) biol...

OBJECTIVES New digital two-dimensional imaging systems are considered as an easily accessible modality for sinonasal evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of digital Waters' and Caldwell's radiographic views for evaluation of sinonasal area. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 273 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this descriptive-analy...

OBJECTIVES To find an animal model for modified Caldwell-Luc procedure training. The animal model should have (1) a proper cortical thickness in the lateral wall; (2) a similar morphology and resistance of the Schneiderian membrane in humans; and, finally, (3) an oral approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve fresh heads (four Merino sheep, four Murciano-Granadina goats and four Large-White pigs...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the entrance surface air kerma (Ka,e) and air kerma in the region of radiosensitive organs in radiographs of pediatric paranasal sinuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient data and irradiation parameters were collected in examinations of the paranasal sinuses in children from 0 to 15 years of age at two children's hospitals in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. We estimated the...

We experienced the case of a patient who had a foreign body in the maxillary sinus. The foreign body was an arrow accidentally triggered by the patient while fishing. The foreign body was removed via the Caldwell-Luc approach.

Caldwell’s emotional nucleation hypothesis is not simply an understudied prediction it is an important alternative to other theories of fertility decline because it offers a clear explanation of why many couples might choose to have small numbers of children once any childbearing at all is no longer economically rational. After years of design and testing to construct setting specific measures ...