To understand the biomass condition in the forestry areas, the detection for individual trees becomes an important topic. For forestry management, the canopy may be described with several parameters, e.g., number of stems, stand position, tree height, timber volume, canopy cover, etc. Traditional methods rely on field measurements, imagery, and radar data to derive the canopy information. Follo...

Uncertainties in ecophysiological responses to environment, such as the impact of atmospheric and soil moisture conditions on plant water regulation, limit our ability to estimate key inputs for ecosystem models. Advanced statistical frameworks provide coherent methodologies for relating observed data, such as stem sap flux density, to unobserved processes, such as canopy conductance and transp...

Virtual plant models of plant architecture have been developed to examine the impact of canopy structure and connectedness on the location of prey by randomly moving predators. The results show that as canopy connectedness increases, the time to locate a static prey decreases, but that the time to prey location increases with the complexity of the canopy. These results are important for the dev...

Daily and seasonal net photosynthesis (Anet), transpiration (E), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Qa) and light-use efficiency (epsilonc) in a red maple container nursery were simulated with MAESTRA, a three-dimensional canopy model. Effects of canopy heterogeneity were simulated by imposing changes in crown spacing. The light transfer sub-model, a distribution model of incident, d...

The relative roles of a macroalgal canopy, Fucus serratus L., and a grazer, Patella vulgata L., in structuring a low shore community of a sheltered, rocky intertidal site were examined using a factorial experimental design. Canopy removal and grazer exclusion treatments were used to determine the effects of both factors on the understorey community. Re-establishment of the canopy was studied in...

Understanding the vertical pattern of leaf traits across plant canopies provide critical information on plant physiology, ecosystem functioning and structure and vegetation response to climate change. However, the impact of vertical canopy position on leaf spectral properties and subsequently leaf traits across the entire spectrum for multiple species is poorly understood. In this study, we exa...

Canopy temperature is a useful indicator of crop water stress and can also be used for making timely irrigation scheduling decisions for center pivot and subsurface drip irrigation systems. However, it is not known how closely the measured canopy temperature from a circular area of the canopy surface compares with a larger continuous area that includes the full canopy width. A study was conduct...

Physical perturbation of a plant canopy brought about by wind is a ubiquitous phenomenon and yet its biological importance has often been overlooked. This is partly due to the complexity of the issue at hand: wind-induced movement (or mechanical excitation) is a stochastic process which is difficult to measure and quantify; plant motion is dependent upon canopy architectural features which, unt...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monsi and Saeki (1953) published the first mathematical model of canopy photosynthesis that was based on the light attenuation within a canopy and a light response of leaf photosynthesis. This paper reviews the evolution and development of their theory. SCOPE Monsi and Saeki showed that under full light conditions, canopy photosynthesis is maximized at a high leaf area ind...

Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMS) are organic-inorganic hybrids in which a core nanostructure is functionalized with a covalently attached corona and an ionically tethered organic canopy. NIMS are engineered to be liquids under ambient conditions in the absence of solvent and are of interest for a variety of applications. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and pulse-field g...