To measure economic profits generated by an insurance policy during its life time, we compare the terminal assets of the policy account with certain breakeven value. Policies with mutil-year loss payments and income tax payments are studied. The breakeven value of terminal assets is given in closed form, and shown to be an increasing function of the claims risk and the asset investment risk. Pr...

We propose an optimal consumption and investment model with asymmetric longterm/short-term tax rates for a small investor. We also consider both the case where an investor can get full tax rebate for capital losses and the case where the investor can only carry over capital losses. The full rebate case is a better model for low income investors while the carry over case is more suited for wealt...

Negative developments on the capital markets at the beginning of the millennium along with the increase in natural catastrophes and terrorist attacks have substantially altered the risk situation of the insurance industry. Insurance companies have reacted to the altered prevailing conditions with a paradigm shift in corporate strategy developing from classical turnover orientation to valueand r...

In this paper we investigate the behavior of an overlapping dynasties growth model with factor taxation to determine how much the natives of a country absorbing a flow of immigrants can use shifts in factor taxation or deficit finance to redistribute immigrant income to themselves. In an economy in which government expenditure is a fixed share of net national product, policy-makers can minimize...

The CLASS model is a top‐down capital stress testing framework that projects the effect of different macroeconomic scenarios on U.S. banking firms. The model is based on simple econometric models estimated using public data and also on assumptions about loan loss provisioning, taxes, asset growth, and other factors. We use this framework to calculate a projected industry capital gap relative to...

In his 2005 ASTIN paper (reprinted in the CAS 2006 Fall Forum), Donald Mango's ground-breaking work [1] in developing the concepts of insurance capital as a shared asset and Economic Value Added (EVA) are discussed with special emphasis on the purpose and calculation of the important Capital Call Costs. The EVA approach permits one to charge for risk (capital usage) and measure profitability at...

As a motivation, consider a fair game (i.e., the expected win/loss from each play of the game is zero). Suppose a gambler plays the game multiple times; neither his stakes, nor the outcome of the games need be independent, but each play is fair. Let Zi denote the outcome of the i game and Xi the gambler’s capital after game i. Fairness ensures that the expected capital after a game is the same ...

A model of the cultural co-evolution of honesty and capital is analyzed. It is shown that the sign of the payoff differential between honest and dishonest types depends on the ratio of benefits that an employee gets from shirking to the resulting loss of revenue to the firm. If this ratio decreases with capital accumulation, then multiple equilibria in output and honesty are possible in the lon...

Valuing natural capital is fundamental to measuring sustainability. The United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank, and other agencies have called for inclusion of the value of natural capital in sustainability metrics, such as inclusive wealth. Much has been written about the importance of natural capital, but consistent, rigorous valuation approaches compatible with the pricing of tradi...

Risk capital is the contribution of an exposure to the default risk of a financial institution. We investigate its relationship with required shareholder returns, showing that the use of return on risk capital (RAROC) as a risk-adjusted performance measure is inconsistent with the standard theory of financial valuation and that using this one measure to represent at the same time both contribut...