Two models of heparin coated, hollow fiber membrane oxygenators were tested in vitro to compare gas transfer and transoxygenator pressure drop using an established protocol. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates were measured at blood flows of 2.5 and 5.0 liters per minute with gas flow: blood flow ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 at both blood flows. All testing was performed under normothermic condit...

Assessment of blood gas status is important in the management of patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Arterial puncture is often painful and may damage the arterial wall. Measurement of oxygen saturation by transcutaneous oximetry offers a non-invasive alternative to arterial methods but does not allow assessment of partial pressure of carbon dioxide. We have examined the value of oximetry ...

A measuring method for the distribution behavior between supercritical carbon dioxide and water by a microchip was developed. A surface modification of the microchannel by dichlorodimethylsilane induced a spontaneous phase separation of the supercritical carbon dioxide and aqueous phases in the microchip. The maximum contact time of the aqueous phase to the supercritical carbon dioxide phase wa...

BACKGROUND Although evaluation of cardiac output by the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing technique is as accurate as thermodilution techniques under controlled mechanical ventilation, it is less accurate at low tidal volume. It is not clear whether reduced accuracy is due to low tidal volume or low minute ventilation. The effect of spontaneous breathing on the accuracy of partial carbon dioxi...

INTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide clearance can be improved by reducing respiratory dead space or by increasing the clearance of carbon-dioxide-laden expiratory gas from the dead space. Aspiration of dead space (ASPIDS) improves carbon dioxide clearance by suctioning out (during expiration) the carbon-dioxide-rich expiratory gas while replacing the suctioned-out gas with oxygenated gas. We hypothesiz...

BACKGROUND The effects of hypercapnic acidosis on the diaphragm and its recovery to normocapnia have been poorly evaluated. The authors studied diaphragmatic contractility facing acute variations of arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2) and evaluated the contractile function at 60 min after normocapnia recovery. METHODS Thirteen piglets weighing 15-20 kg were anesthetized, ventilated, and s...

Carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) is currently gaining increased interest due to the abundance of CO2 and its possible application as a C1 building block. We herein report the first example of atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide incorporation into oxetane to selectively form trimethylene carbonate (TMC), which is a significant challenge as TMC is thermodynamically less favoured than its correspo...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy were introduced into clinical practice in 1995. Concerns about the use of carbon dioxide insufflation in the neck exist owing to reports of potential adverse metabolic and hemodynamic changes. HYPOTHESIS Carbon dioxide insufflation in the neck may cause adverse effects on hemodynamic and blood gas levels. These adverse effects may refl...

In a randomised crossover trial, 26 babies, treated with Hudson prong continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from a bubbling bottle, received vigorous, high amplitude, or slow bubbling for 30 minutes. Pulse oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate were recorded. The bubbling rates had no effect on carbon dioxide, oxygenation, or respiratory rate.