Lithium influx into human erythrocytes increased 12-fold, when chloride was replaced with bicarbonate in a 150 mM lithium medium (38 degrees C. pH 7.4). The increase was linearly related to both lithium- and bicarbonate concentration, and was completely eliminated by the amino reagent 4, 4'- diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). DIDS binds to an integral membrane protein (mol wt a...

This article describes 1) a methodology for the green synthesis of a class of methylammonium and methylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), 2) how to tune their acid-base properties by anion exchange, 3) complete neat-phase NMR spectroscopic characterisation of these materials and 4) their application as active organocatalysts for base-promoted carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Methylation of t...

Materials. Ethylbromoacetate (97%), potassium carbonate (99%), diethyl ether (99.8%), ethylenediamine (99%), dichloromethane (99.6%), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (97%), sodium borohydride (98%), propionaldehyde (97%), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (PEG-SH, average mw 2000), formic acid (96%), formaldehyde (37% wt in H2O), sodium hydroxide(97%), propionaldehyde (97%), trifluoroacetic...

In this study, we present the first experimental results for stable barium (Ba) isotope ((137)Ba/(134)Ba) fractionation during low-temperature formation of the anhydrous double carbonate BaMn[CO(3)](2). This investigation is part of an ongoing work on Ba fractionation in the natural barium cycle. Precipitation at a temperature of 21±1°C leads to an enrichment of the lighter Ba isotope described...

Direct mineral carbonation has been investigated as a process to convert gaseous CO2 into a geologically stable, solid final form. The process utilizes a solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), and water, mixed with a mineral reactant, such as olivine (Mg2SiO4) or serpentine [Mg3Si2O5(OH)4]. Carbon dioxide is dissolved into this slurry, by diffusion through the surface ...

The potential of Helicobacter pylori to degrade gastric mucus was examined. Colonies of H pylori cultured from antral mucosal biopsy specimens of patients with non-autoimmune gastritis were washed with sterile saline, passed through a sterilisation filter, and the filtrate examined for urease, protease, and mucolytic activity. The filtrate failed to hydrolyse bovine serum albumin, or to degrade...

A series of tri- and dimetallic metal complexes of pyridine dicarboxamide cryptates are reported in which changes to the base and metal source result in diverse structure types. Addition of strong bases, such as KH or KN(SiMe3)2, followed by divalent metal halides allows direct access to trinuclear complexes in which each metal center is coordinated by a dianionic N,N,N-chelate of each arm. The...

Contamination of soils with depleted uranium (DU) from munitions firing occurs in conflict zones and at test firing sites. This study reports the development of a chemical extraction methodology for remediation of soils contaminated with particulate DU. Uranium phases in soils from two sites at a UK firing range, MOD Eskmeals, were characterised by electron microscopy and sequential extraction....

Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl) reduces tissue injury in animal models of various diseases via mechanisms that are not completely understood. Recently, we reported that high doses of tempol moderately increased survival in a rat model of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) while decreasing the levels of oxidized hSOD1 (human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase) in spinal cord ti...

The effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine) on the phosphorus-binding abilities of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate were examined in 13 chronic hemodialysis patients. In seven patients receiving calcium carbonate, famotidine (20 mg/d) was given because of gastroduodenal disorders, and calcium carbonate was replaced with calcium lactate as a phosphorus binder after 4 wk of t...